A. Status of the Spectacled Eider - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

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SPECTACLED EIDER RECOVERY PLAN Team Members: Bruce Campbell (5/93-1/94) AlaskaDepartment of Fish and Game Anchorage, Alaska Christian P. Dau U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Izembek National Wildlife Refuge Cold Bay, Alaska Robert H. Day (5/93-8/95) ABR, Inc. Fairbanks, Alaska CalvinJ. Lensink U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Retired) Anchorage, Alaska Brian J. McCaffery (Leader 5/93-10/93) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge Bethel, Alaska Russell M. Qates, Leader (11/93) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 7 Anchorage, Alaska Caleb Pungowiyi (5/93-7/93) Kotzebue, AK Thomas C. Rotbe (3/94) Alaska Department of Fish and Game Anchorage, Alaska Calvin Simeon (8/93) Association of Village Council Presidents Bethel, Alaska Approved: Date: Prenared by the Spectacled Eider Recovery Team for Region 7 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service II) Anchorage, Alaska Regional Direcft=,U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service / Barbara L. Taylor National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Science Center Lajolla, California Consultants: Margaret R. Petersen National Biological Service Alaska Science Center Anchorage, Alaska Everett Robinson-Wilson U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Division of Environmental Contaminants Anchorage, Alaska Robert Suydam Department of Wildlife Management North Slope Borough Barrow, Alaska Declan M. Troy Troy Ecological Research Associates Anchorage, Alaska Liaisons: Jean Cochrane (Liaison 5/93-5/94) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 7 Anchorage, Alaska Teresa Woods (Liaison 6/94-10/95) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 7 Anchorage, Alaska Janey Fadely, Eider Coordinator/Liaison (11/95) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 7 Anchorage, Alaska
DISCLAIMER PAGE Recovery plans delineate reasonable actions which are believed to be required to recover and/or protect listed species. Plans are published by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, sometimes prepared with the assistance of recovery teams, contractors, state agencies, and others. Objectives will be attained and any necessary funds made available subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, as well as the need to address other priorities. Recovery plans do not necessarily represent the views nor the official positions or approval of any individuals or agencies involved in the plan formulation, other than the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. They represent the official position of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mily after they have been signed by the Regional Director or Director as appro~d. Approved recovery plans are subject to modification as dictated by new findings, changes in species status, and the completion of recovery tasks.
Page 4 and 5: LITERATURE CITATION U.S. Fish and W
Page 6 and 7: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE RECOVERY P
Page 8 and 9: TABLE OF CONTENTS DISCLAIMER PAGE 1
Page 10 and 11: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Breeding
Page 12 and 13: A. Status of the Spectacled Eider R
Page 14 and 15: ) a) j~ 25000 0 2 220000 C ~15000 ~
Page 16 and 17: B. Causes for Decline and Obstacles
Page 18 and 19: Increasing interest in avicultural
Page 20 and 21: Other conservation measures include
Page 22 and 23: D. Natural History of the Spectacle
Page 24 and 25: Figure 4. Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta loc
Page 26 and 27: DEL?A RUSSIA SPECTACLED EIDER RANGE
Page 28 and 29: helicopter surveys in the Prudhoe B
Page 30 and 31: geographic populations, because imm
Page 32 and 33: Figure 8. Study sites and land stat
Page 34 and 35: their diseases (e.g., Schiller 1954
Page 36 and 37: E. Distinct Population Segments The
Page 38 and 39: A final consideration involves info
Page 40 and 41: Trend data are analyzed to inform w
Page 42 and 43: Figure 10. A hypothetical posterior
Page 44 and 45: thresholds are not “magic numbers
Page 46 and 47: Criteria for Reclassifying from Thr
Page 48 and 49: Criteria for Delisting from Threate
Page 50 and 51: The final aspect ofSpectacled Eider
Page 52 and 53:
concordance in their descriptions o
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data on both levels and effects oft
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implicated. In the absence of histo
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. - currently small size of the YKD
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implementation of the Memoranda ofA
Page 62 and 63:
. take of Spectacled Eiders. In add
Page 64 and 65:
. AlS. Produce a handbook summarizi
Page 66 and 67:
. Bl.4. 1.3. Develop visibility cor
Page 68 and 69:
B2. 1.1. Implement YKD satellite tr
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. Appendix Ill). Since epidermal ag
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. feasible if post-fledging staging
Page 74 and 75:
presumed that their activities have
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contaminants within Spectacled Eide
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limited ability to withstand additi
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surface after a year and is no long
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. The reproductive stages (eggs, yo
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is inadequate to sustain “normal
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___________ 1967. The geese of the
Page 88 and 89:
Dementev, G.P., and N.A. Gladkov (e
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___________ 1 964a. Observations on
Page 92 and 93:
Nelson, E.W: 1887. Report upon natu
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________ P.R. Wade, R.A. Stehn, and
Page 96 and 97:
Robert M. Platte, Migratory Bird Ma
Page 98 and 99:
KEY Task Duration and Costs TBD - T
Page 100 and 101:
TASK 324.2 I 12.4.1 .2 PRIOR- — 2
Page 102 and 103:
TASK I — [37 E12 EI.3 fTYU —PRI
Page 104 and 105:
TASK PRIOR- Dj ITYU — — A12.3 2
Page 106 and 107:
— TASK U — 135.2 PRIOR- TASK DE
Page 108 and 109:
TASK U PRIOR- ITY U TASK DESCRIPTIO
Page 110 and 111:
TASK PRIOR. U — DS.3 3 TASK DESCR
Page 112 and 113:
The final risk factor is the effect
Page 114 and 115:
This PVA will treat two population
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Both aerial surveys are conducted a
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0.2 0.15 -j i 4 0.1 0 -I 0.05 0.08
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emaining before the population reac
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) critical population size; and (2)
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40%. The population growth rate cri
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Table 1-2. Results of simulation wh
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Hilborn, R. and C.J. Walters. 1992.
Page 130 and 131:
APPENDIX II TECHNICAL DETAILS OF TH
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The likelihood function for the par
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initial sample. Then the O~ were re
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LU ~0.8 z -J ~0.6 I-ET1 w107 480 m1
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LITERATURE CITED APPENDIX LI De la
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where x = age. The fertility rate i
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of older females: (1) older females
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RESULTS Solutions for single cause
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0.1 0.08 ~0.06 4 0 0.04 0. 0.02 0 0
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growth rate. Perhaps this can be mo
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decline, by far the fastest way to
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LITERATURE CITED APPENDIX In Bailli
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APPENDIX IV SPECTACLED EIDER RECOVE
Page 156 and 157:
APPENDIX V COMMENTS RECEIVED ON DRA
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