A. Status of the Spectacled Eider - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

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APPENDIX IV SPECTACLED EIDER RECOVERY PLAN GUIDANCE FOR PROJECT PLANNING AND SECTION 7 CONSULTATION FOR ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE BREEDING RANGE OF SPECTACLED ELDERS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska March 1996 Page 1 of 2 These guidelines are intended to assist federal agencies and project applicants (50 CFR 402.02) in planning projects that are within the breeding range of Spectacled Eiders (Somateria fischen). Section 7(a)(2) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, requires federal agencies to consult with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) on any project they authorize, fund, or carry out that may affect listed species, including Spectacled Eiders. All projects within the historical breeding range of Spectacled Eiders should be evaluated for their potential to affect Spectacled Eiders. In some cases, consultation with Service biologists regarding specific projects may result in less restrictive measures than those outlined in the guidelines if available information indicates that compliance with the guidelines is not necessary to avoid impacts to Spectacled Eiders, or more restrictive measures if guidelines do not provide adequate protection. These guidelines apply to all activities within the historical breeding range of Spectacled Eiders which includes coastal areas ofAlaska from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta to the Yukon Territory Border (see Figure 1 of the Recovery Plan). Eiders are present on the breeding grounds as early as mid-May through as late as mid-September, but activities during any time of the year have the potential to adversely affect Spectacled Eiders through habitat modification. Eiders are most vulnerable to disturbance during nesting; disturbance may cause a female to flush from the nest, leaving the eggs vulnerable to predation, or may cause nest abandonment. Female Spectacled Eiders may return to the same general area to breed each year, but they do not typically use the same nest site. Protecting previously used nest sites will not, therefore, adequately protect nesting Spectacled Eiders in the current year. If project activities take place during the breeding season, ground surveys for nest sites must be conducted in the year of construction, before the initiation of activities, to locate any nests in the project area. The consensus among biologists who have studied Spectacled Eiders during the breeding season is that a 200m buffer around nest sites is adequate to avoid impacts to nesting eiders. Information on habitat preferences and use patterns, vulnerability to disturbance, and habitat availability is lacking for Spectacled Eiders. It is therefore difficult to develop specific guidelines which will apply to all project activities; projects should be reviewed on a case-bycase basis to evaluate the likelihood of adverse impacts to Spectacled Eiders. These guidelines will be reviewed annually and updated when relevant new information becomes available. Appendix IV - Page 1
GUIDANCE FOR SECTION 7 CONSULTATION AND PROJECT PLANNING FOR ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE BREEDING RANGE OF SPECTACLED ElDERS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service March 1996 Page 2 of 2 A. Habitat in the project area must be assessed to determine if Spectacled Eiders are likely to use the area for nesting or brood rearing (see pages 24 and 25 of the Recovery Plan for habitat descriptions). If project activities are conducted during the breeding season, Service-approved surveys for Spectacled Eiders must be conducted in the year of construction, prior to initiation of such activities. B. The following activities may adversely affect Spectacled Eiders, and therefore require formal consultation with the Service. If they are prohibited, however, within 200m of nest sites, it is unlikely that the project will adversely affect Spectacled Eiders. 1. Ground level activity (by vehicle or on foot) from 20 May through 1 August, except on existing thoroughfares. 2. Construction ofpermanent facilities, placement of fill, or alteration of habitat. 3. Introduction of high noise levels within 200m of nest sites (from activities at potentially greater distances), 20 May through 1 August. These may include but are not limited to: airports, blasting, and compressor stations. For more information about spectacled eiders or the Endangered Species Act, or to initiate section 7 consultation with the Service regarding specific project plans, please contact: Endangered Species, Ecological Services U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 7 (Alaska) Fairbanks Field Office Anchorage Field Office 907-456-0239 907-271-2888 / 1-800-272-4174 For projects north of the Alaska Range, For projects south of the Alaska Range, or (except the Seward Peninsula). on the Seward Peninsula, St. Lawrence Island, or Pribilof Islands. Juneau Field Office 907-586-7240 For projects south of Icy Bay Appendix IV - Page 2
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SPECTACLED EIDER RECOVERY PLAN Team
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LITERATURE CITATION U.S. Fish and W
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE RECOVERY P
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TABLE OF CONTENTS DISCLAIMER PAGE 1
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Breeding
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A. Status of the Spectacled Eider R
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) a) j~ 25000 0 2 220000 C ~15000 ~
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B. Causes for Decline and Obstacles
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Increasing interest in avicultural
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Other conservation measures include
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D. Natural History of the Spectacle
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Figure 4. Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta loc
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DEL?A RUSSIA SPECTACLED EIDER RANGE
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helicopter surveys in the Prudhoe B
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geographic populations, because imm
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Figure 8. Study sites and land stat
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their diseases (e.g., Schiller 1954
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E. Distinct Population Segments The
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A final consideration involves info
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Trend data are analyzed to inform w
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Figure 10. A hypothetical posterior
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thresholds are not “magic numbers
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Criteria for Reclassifying from Thr
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Criteria for Delisting from Threate
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The final aspect ofSpectacled Eider
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concordance in their descriptions o
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data on both levels and effects oft
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implicated. In the absence of histo
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. - currently small size of the YKD
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implementation of the Memoranda ofA
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. take of Spectacled Eiders. In add
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. AlS. Produce a handbook summarizi
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. Bl.4. 1.3. Develop visibility cor
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B2. 1.1. Implement YKD satellite tr
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. Appendix Ill). Since epidermal ag
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. feasible if post-fledging staging
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presumed that their activities have
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contaminants within Spectacled Eide
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limited ability to withstand additi
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surface after a year and is no long
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. The reproductive stages (eggs, yo
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is inadequate to sustain “normal
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___________ 1967. The geese of the
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Dementev, G.P., and N.A. Gladkov (e
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___________ 1 964a. Observations on
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Nelson, E.W: 1887. Report upon natu
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________ P.R. Wade, R.A. Stehn, and
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Robert M. Platte, Migratory Bird Ma
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KEY Task Duration and Costs TBD - T
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TASK 324.2 I 12.4.1 .2 PRIOR- — 2
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TASK I — [37 E12 EI.3 fTYU —PRI
Page 104 and 105: TASK PRIOR- Dj ITYU — — A12.3 2
Page 106 and 107: — TASK U — 135.2 PRIOR- TASK DE
Page 108 and 109: TASK U PRIOR- ITY U TASK DESCRIPTIO
Page 110 and 111: TASK PRIOR. U — DS.3 3 TASK DESCR
Page 112 and 113: The final risk factor is the effect
Page 114 and 115: This PVA will treat two population
Page 116 and 117: Both aerial surveys are conducted a
Page 118 and 119: 0.2 0.15 -j i 4 0.1 0 -I 0.05 0.08
Page 120 and 121: emaining before the population reac
Page 122 and 123: ) critical population size; and (2)
Page 124 and 125: 40%. The population growth rate cri
Page 126 and 127: Table 1-2. Results of simulation wh
Page 128 and 129: Hilborn, R. and C.J. Walters. 1992.
Page 130 and 131: APPENDIX II TECHNICAL DETAILS OF TH
Page 132 and 133: The likelihood function for the par
Page 134 and 135: initial sample. Then the O~ were re
Page 136 and 137: LU ~0.8 z -J ~0.6 I-ET1 w107 480 m1
Page 138 and 139: LITERATURE CITED APPENDIX LI De la
Page 140 and 141: where x = age. The fertility rate i
Page 142 and 143: of older females: (1) older females
Page 144 and 145: RESULTS Solutions for single cause
Page 146 and 147: 0.1 0.08 ~0.06 4 0 0.04 0. 0.02 0 0
Page 148 and 149: growth rate. Perhaps this can be mo
Page 150 and 151: decline, by far the fastest way to
Page 152 and 153: LITERATURE CITED APPENDIX In Bailli
Page 156 and 157: APPENDIX V COMMENTS RECEIVED ON DRA
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A. Status of the Spectacled Eider - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

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