A. Status of the Spectacled Eider - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
A. Status of the Spectacled Eider - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
A. Status of the Spectacled Eider - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
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Once identified <strong>and</strong> generally described, at-sea habitats should be mapped in a GIS by<br />
source population, season, age <strong>and</strong> sex. Long-term monitoring plans should <strong>the</strong>n be<br />
developed. Initial at-sea surveys will be somewhat opportunistic, for example, as new<br />
satellite transmitter data accumulate. In general, however, <strong>the</strong> following list should guide<br />
survey priorities, where feasible: (1) mid-winter (February to early March); (2) molting<br />
females (late August to early September); (3) post-fledgingjuveniles (if different from #2);<br />
(4) spring staging (April); (5) o<strong>the</strong>r staging, e.g., post-breeding/early wintering; (6)<br />
molting males (late July to August); <strong>and</strong> (7) summer non-breeding (June to July or later).<br />
B3. Quantitatively describe at-sea habitats. Marine habitats <strong>and</strong> habitat-use are poorly -<br />
understood. Quantitative habitat information would be used in identifying obstacles to<br />
recovery, determining sites for any necessary studies <strong>of</strong> eider biology <strong>and</strong> ecology, <strong>and</strong><br />
ensuring <strong>the</strong> long-term security <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se habitats. This task will depend upon <strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong><br />
task B2.2., although cataloging information related to known use areas should be initiated<br />
immediately <strong>and</strong> continually updated.<br />
B4. Quantitatively describe breeding habitats. Quantitative habitat description may be<br />
useful in underst<strong>and</strong>ing potential threats to <strong>Spectacled</strong> <strong>Eider</strong>s, such as accumulation <strong>of</strong> lead<br />
shot. Information on nesting <strong>and</strong> brood-rearing habitats will be used to ensure long-term<br />
security <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong>se habitats. While this task is not presently a high priority compared to o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
recovery tasks, data on breeding habitats can <strong>and</strong> should be obtained incidental to o<strong>the</strong>r tasks.<br />
Site-specific habitat information may be important for meeting section 7 consultation<br />
requirements (task A11.1).<br />
B4. 1. Describe nesting <strong>and</strong> brood-rearing habitats on <strong>the</strong> YKD. Substantial data are<br />
currently available, particularly from <strong>the</strong> Hock Slough study site. These data should be<br />
analyzed <strong>and</strong> summarized.<br />
B4.2. Describe nesting <strong>and</strong> brood-rearing habitats on <strong>the</strong> NS. Habitat information may be<br />
needed to fulfill section 7 consultation requirements for federally-permitted projects in <strong>the</strong><br />
NS oil fields. These data may contribute to assessing hypo<strong>the</strong>ses about industrial<br />
development impacts (task CS.6) <strong>and</strong> should be useful for comparisons with o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
populations.<br />
B4.3. Describe nesting <strong>and</strong> brood-rearing habitats in AR. This task should be<br />
accomplished as opportunities arise.<br />
C. 1~opnIaIianJ~ynamhs<br />
Cl. Determine age structure <strong>of</strong> <strong>Spectacled</strong> <strong>Eider</strong> populations. Epidermal aging techniques<br />
may provide an accurate <strong>and</strong> efficient method for instantaneous measures <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> age structure<br />
in any eider population. Age structure, in turn, indicates whe<strong>the</strong>r adult or juvenile mortality is<br />
affecting <strong>the</strong> population disproportionately <strong>and</strong> could guide recovery investigations (see<br />
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