A. Status of the Spectacled Eider - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

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___________ 1967. The geese of the Anderson River Delta, NWT. Completion Report, Can. Wildl. Serv. Baudinette, R.V., F.I. Norman, and J. Roberts. 1982. Salt gland secretion in salineacclimated chestnut teal, and its relevance to release programs. Aust. J. Zool. 30:407- 15. Bent, A.C. 1925. Life histories of North Americanwild fowl. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 130, Washington, DC. Bergman, R.D., R.L. Howard, K.A. Abraham, and M.W. Weller. 1977. Waterbirds and their wetland resources in relation to oil development at Storkersen Point, Alaska. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv., Res. Pub. 129. Bondarenko, S.K. 1975. Cestodes from the genus Aploparaksis Clerc, 1903 (Hymenolepididae) from Anatidae and their life-cycles. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Dal’nevostochnyi Nauchnyi Tsentr. 78-96. ____________ and V.L. Kontrimavichus. 1976. The life-cycles of the hymenolepidids, Aploparaksis birulaf (Linstow, 1905) and A. brachyphallos (Krabbe, 1869). Parazitologiya. 10:163-169. ___________ and V.L. Kontrimavichus. 1979. The life-cycle and post-embryonic development ofAploparaksis (Tanureria) diagonalis Spasskii et Bobova, 1961, a parasite of Charadriiformes. Nauka: 38-45. Brandt, J.F. 1847. Fuligulam (Lampronettam) Fischeri. Nov. Avium Rossicarum Spec. 18 p. Brandt, H. 1943. Alaska Bird Trails. Bird Research Foundation, Cleveland, OH. 464 p. Braund, S.R., D.C. Burnham, E. Loring, L. Morehead, T.P. Holmes, E. Witten, and J.A. Kruse. 1989a. North Slope subsistence study, Wainwright, 1988. U.S. Minerals Management Service Technical Report No. 136, MMS 89-0078, Anchorage, AK. ___________ T.P. Holmes, J.A. Kruse, L. Morehead, E. Witten, D.C. Burnham, and A. Stoker. 1989b. North Slope subsistence study, Barrow, 1988. U.S. Minerals Management Service Technical Report No. 135, MMS 89-0077, Anchorage, AK. Brower, W.A., Jr., H.W. Searby, J.L. Wise, H.F. Diaz, and A.S. Prechtel. 1977. Climatic atlas of the outer continental shelf waters and coastal regions of Alaska. AEIDC Pub. B-77, Vol. 3., NOAA, Asheville, NC. 76
Burgess, R.M., and A.A. Stickney. 1992. Reaction of brood-rearing snow geese to oil development related and natural disturbances in the Endicott development area, Alaska, 1985-1990. Proc. North American Arctic Goose Conference and Workshop, 7-12 Jan. 1992, Vallejo CA. (Abstract) Buturlin, S.A. 1910. The true home of the spectacled eider. Condor 12:46. Conover, H.B. 1926. Game birds of the Hooper Bay Region, Alaska. Auk 43:162-180, 303-318. Cooch, F.G. 1965. The breeding biology and management of the northern eider (Sonwieria mollissima borealis) in the Cape Dorset area, NWT. Can. Wildl. Serv., Wildl. Manage. Bull., Ser. 2, No. 10. ____________ 1986. The numbers of nesting Northern Eiders on the West Foxe Islands, NWT, in 1956 and 1976 in A. Reed (ed.), Eider ducks in Canada. Can. Wildl. Serv., 1141 route de l’~glise, Ste-Foy, Que, GlV 4115. Pages 114-118. Cottam, C. 1939. Food habits of North American diving ducks. U.S. Dept. Agric. Tech. Bull. No. 643, Washington, D.C. Dau, C.P. 1974. Nesting biology of the spectacled eider, Somateriafischeri (Brandt), on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Alaska, Fairbanks, AK. 72p. ____________ 1976. Clutch sizes of the spectacled eider on the Yukon-Kuskokwim delta, Alaska. Wildfowl 27:111-113. ____________ 1978. Observations on helminth parasites of the spectacled eider, Somateriafischen (Brandt), in Alaska. Can. J. Zool. 56:1882-1885. ____________ and A.A. Kistchinski. 1977. Seasonal movements and distribution ofthe spectacled eider. Wildfowl 28:65-75. ___________ and R.A. Stehn. 1991. Population size a~d distribution of Spectacled Eiders on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. Alaska Bird Conf. and Workshop: Shared avian resources ofBeringia. Nov. 19-22, 1991. Abstract Only. Deblock, S., and R.L. Rausch. 1972. Contribution to the study ofMicrophallidae Travassos, 1920 (Trematoda). XXVI. On some species from Alaska. Ann. Parast. Hum. Comp. 47:701-715. Delacour, J., and E. Mayr. 1945. The family Anatidae. Wilson Bull. 57:3-55. 77
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SPECTACLED EIDER RECOVERY PLAN Team
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LITERATURE CITATION U.S. Fish and W
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE RECOVERY P
Page 8 and 9:
TABLE OF CONTENTS DISCLAIMER PAGE 1
Page 10 and 11:
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Breeding
Page 12 and 13:
A. Status of the Spectacled Eider R
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) a) j~ 25000 0 2 220000 C ~15000 ~
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B. Causes for Decline and Obstacles
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Increasing interest in avicultural
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Other conservation measures include
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D. Natural History of the Spectacle
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Figure 4. Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta loc
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DEL?A RUSSIA SPECTACLED EIDER RANGE
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helicopter surveys in the Prudhoe B
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geographic populations, because imm
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Figure 8. Study sites and land stat
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their diseases (e.g., Schiller 1954
Page 36 and 37: E. Distinct Population Segments The
Page 38 and 39: A final consideration involves info
Page 40 and 41: Trend data are analyzed to inform w
Page 42 and 43: Figure 10. A hypothetical posterior
Page 44 and 45: thresholds are not “magic numbers
Page 46 and 47: Criteria for Reclassifying from Thr
Page 48 and 49: Criteria for Delisting from Threate
Page 50 and 51: The final aspect ofSpectacled Eider
Page 52 and 53: concordance in their descriptions o
Page 54 and 55: data on both levels and effects oft
Page 56 and 57: implicated. In the absence of histo
Page 58 and 59: . - currently small size of the YKD
Page 60 and 61: implementation of the Memoranda ofA
Page 62 and 63: . take of Spectacled Eiders. In add
Page 64 and 65: . AlS. Produce a handbook summarizi
Page 66 and 67: . Bl.4. 1.3. Develop visibility cor
Page 68 and 69: B2. 1.1. Implement YKD satellite tr
Page 70 and 71: . Appendix Ill). Since epidermal ag
Page 72 and 73: . feasible if post-fledging staging
Page 74 and 75: presumed that their activities have
Page 76 and 77: contaminants within Spectacled Eide
Page 78 and 79: limited ability to withstand additi
Page 80 and 81: surface after a year and is no long
Page 82 and 83: . The reproductive stages (eggs, yo
Page 84 and 85: is inadequate to sustain “normal
Page 88 and 89: Dementev, G.P., and N.A. Gladkov (e
Page 90 and 91: ___________ 1 964a. Observations on
Page 92 and 93: Nelson, E.W: 1887. Report upon natu
Page 94 and 95: ________ P.R. Wade, R.A. Stehn, and
Page 96 and 97: Robert M. Platte, Migratory Bird Ma
Page 98 and 99: KEY Task Duration and Costs TBD - T
Page 100 and 101: TASK 324.2 I 12.4.1 .2 PRIOR- — 2
Page 102 and 103: TASK I — [37 E12 EI.3 fTYU —PRI
Page 104 and 105: TASK PRIOR- Dj ITYU — — A12.3 2
Page 106 and 107: — TASK U — 135.2 PRIOR- TASK DE
Page 108 and 109: TASK U PRIOR- ITY U TASK DESCRIPTIO
Page 110 and 111: TASK PRIOR. U — DS.3 3 TASK DESCR
Page 112 and 113: The final risk factor is the effect
Page 114 and 115: This PVA will treat two population
Page 116 and 117: Both aerial surveys are conducted a
Page 118 and 119: 0.2 0.15 -j i 4 0.1 0 -I 0.05 0.08
Page 120 and 121: emaining before the population reac
Page 122 and 123: ) critical population size; and (2)
Page 124 and 125: 40%. The population growth rate cri
Page 126 and 127: Table 1-2. Results of simulation wh
Page 128 and 129: Hilborn, R. and C.J. Walters. 1992.
Page 130 and 131: APPENDIX II TECHNICAL DETAILS OF TH
Page 132 and 133: The likelihood function for the par
Page 134 and 135: initial sample. Then the O~ were re
Page 136 and 137:
LU ~0.8 z -J ~0.6 I-ET1 w107 480 m1
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LITERATURE CITED APPENDIX LI De la
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where x = age. The fertility rate i
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of older females: (1) older females
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RESULTS Solutions for single cause
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0.1 0.08 ~0.06 4 0 0.04 0. 0.02 0 0
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growth rate. Perhaps this can be mo
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decline, by far the fastest way to
Page 152 and 153:
LITERATURE CITED APPENDIX In Bailli
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APPENDIX IV SPECTACLED EIDER RECOVE
Page 156 and 157:
APPENDIX V COMMENTS RECEIVED ON DRA
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