A. Status of the Spectacled Eider - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

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APPENDIX V COMMENTS RECEIVED ON DRAFT SPECTACLED EIDER RECOVERY PLAN The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) received comments on the Draft Spectacled Eider Recovery Plan from the following parties: BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc.; Phillips Petroleum Company; and ARCO, Alaska, Inc. Comments, attached as part of this appendix, were addressed in two ways: first, comments on format, style, or grammar were considered and incorporated if they improved the document without compromising content or clarity; second, comments on content were incorporated where appropriate and are addressed individually below. In general, commenters expressed approval of the document, and encouraged the Service to continue efforts to recover this species. 1. BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc: This commenter encouraged the Service to “continue to base its assessments on the best scientific information available and to work closely with native communities, industry and other interested governmental authorities to ensure that data sets are integrated and that remedial or corrective action aimed at properly managing spectacled eider populations has the desired effect.” The Service concurs that these are essential considerations and is committed to working closely with all affected parties toward recovery of spectacled eiders. The Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, requires the Service to use the best available scientific and commercial information when making determinations for listing species as threatened or endangered. The best available information was used in developing the recovery plan for spectacled eiders, and will continue to be used in implementation of the plan. 2. Phillips Petroleum Company: Phillips Petroleum urged the Service to “take extreme caution to assure that any actions resulting from.., studies which might restrict or further restrict oil and gas development or exploration activities [are]carefully considered.” The Service carefully considers the likelihood of adverse effects to any listed species as a result of any federally funded, permitted, or conducted activities under the authority of section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Act). If the activity may adversely affect a listed species, formal consultation with the Service is required. Although there may be some changes to project plans as a result of section 7 consultation, in most cases, project changes are not likely to significantly restrict the action. The Service is committed to maintaining an excellent working relationship with industry representatives in Alaska while fulfilling obligations under the Act to protect spectacled eiders. Appendix V - Page 1
3. ARCO, Alaska, mc: This reviewer was disappointed that the recovery plan did not elaborate on management guidance for North Slope oil fields, and encouraged the Service to update the recommended protection measures for spectacled eiders during the breeding season (appendix IV). The recommended protection measures are intended as general guidelines. Implementation of these guidelines varies with each project depending on timing of construction, habitat type, available survey information, and other factors. The Service strives to limit impacts to projects as much as possible while providing adequate protection to spectacled eiders. Changes were made in the draft guidelines to address some of the concerns raised by this commenter, and the Service will review the guidelines annually and update them as necessary. In addition, the recovery plan calls for preparation of summary reports on industrial development on the North Slope and on human disturbance. Further changes to the recommended protection measures will be considered when those reports are completed. Appendix V - Page 2
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SPECTACLED EIDER RECOVERY PLAN Team
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LITERATURE CITATION U.S. Fish and W
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE RECOVERY P
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TABLE OF CONTENTS DISCLAIMER PAGE 1
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Breeding
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A. Status of the Spectacled Eider R
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) a) j~ 25000 0 2 220000 C ~15000 ~
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B. Causes for Decline and Obstacles
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Increasing interest in avicultural
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Other conservation measures include
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D. Natural History of the Spectacle
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Figure 4. Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta loc
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DEL?A RUSSIA SPECTACLED EIDER RANGE
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helicopter surveys in the Prudhoe B
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geographic populations, because imm
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Figure 8. Study sites and land stat
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their diseases (e.g., Schiller 1954
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E. Distinct Population Segments The
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A final consideration involves info
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Trend data are analyzed to inform w
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Figure 10. A hypothetical posterior
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thresholds are not “magic numbers
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Criteria for Reclassifying from Thr
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Criteria for Delisting from Threate
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The final aspect ofSpectacled Eider
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concordance in their descriptions o
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data on both levels and effects oft
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implicated. In the absence of histo
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. - currently small size of the YKD
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implementation of the Memoranda ofA
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. take of Spectacled Eiders. In add
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. AlS. Produce a handbook summarizi
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. Bl.4. 1.3. Develop visibility cor
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B2. 1.1. Implement YKD satellite tr
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. Appendix Ill). Since epidermal ag
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. feasible if post-fledging staging
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presumed that their activities have
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contaminants within Spectacled Eide
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limited ability to withstand additi
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surface after a year and is no long
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. The reproductive stages (eggs, yo
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is inadequate to sustain “normal
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___________ 1967. The geese of the
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Dementev, G.P., and N.A. Gladkov (e
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___________ 1 964a. Observations on
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Nelson, E.W: 1887. Report upon natu
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________ P.R. Wade, R.A. Stehn, and
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Robert M. Platte, Migratory Bird Ma
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KEY Task Duration and Costs TBD - T
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TASK 324.2 I 12.4.1 .2 PRIOR- — 2
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TASK I — [37 E12 EI.3 fTYU —PRI
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TASK PRIOR- Dj ITYU — — A12.3 2
Page 106 and 107: — TASK U — 135.2 PRIOR- TASK DE
Page 108 and 109: TASK U PRIOR- ITY U TASK DESCRIPTIO
Page 110 and 111: TASK PRIOR. U — DS.3 3 TASK DESCR
Page 112 and 113: The final risk factor is the effect
Page 114 and 115: This PVA will treat two population
Page 116 and 117: Both aerial surveys are conducted a
Page 118 and 119: 0.2 0.15 -j i 4 0.1 0 -I 0.05 0.08
Page 120 and 121: emaining before the population reac
Page 122 and 123: ) critical population size; and (2)
Page 124 and 125: 40%. The population growth rate cri
Page 126 and 127: Table 1-2. Results of simulation wh
Page 128 and 129: Hilborn, R. and C.J. Walters. 1992.
Page 130 and 131: APPENDIX II TECHNICAL DETAILS OF TH
Page 132 and 133: The likelihood function for the par
Page 134 and 135: initial sample. Then the O~ were re
Page 136 and 137: LU ~0.8 z -J ~0.6 I-ET1 w107 480 m1
Page 138 and 139: LITERATURE CITED APPENDIX LI De la
Page 140 and 141: where x = age. The fertility rate i
Page 142 and 143: of older females: (1) older females
Page 144 and 145: RESULTS Solutions for single cause
Page 146 and 147: 0.1 0.08 ~0.06 4 0 0.04 0. 0.02 0 0
Page 148 and 149: growth rate. Perhaps this can be mo
Page 150 and 151: decline, by far the fastest way to
Page 152 and 153: LITERATURE CITED APPENDIX In Bailli
Page 154 and 155: APPENDIX IV SPECTACLED EIDER RECOVE
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