the black death in early ottoman territories - Bilkent University

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Concerning the question whether the appearance of the Black Death enabled the Ottomans to conquer the vast territories that grew into the Ottoman empire, the evidence is not conclusive. As in Europe, many Byzantine cities became, at least temporarily, severely underpopulated because of plague and the Ottoman rulers were only too keenly aware of any tactical advantage that could be exploited. Moreover, conditions of siege and raiding would create a favorable setting for plague to appear among the indigenous population. Yet Constantinople would be conquered only a century after the Black Death first struck the city. And if a more-or-less nomadic lifestyle formed some protection against the disease, that same advantage should have been to some extend available to the other Turkish beyliks, which the Ottomans eventually conquered. The situation of the Balkans during the early period of conquest is too scantily documented to allow any assessment of the possible impact of the disease on the local inhabitants. However, it seems that the mountainous regions sometimes offered a refuge for the disease to at least part of the population. In view of these considerations, it seems that it was succesful military campaigning and the drive for expansion that formed the cornerstone of Ottoman success, rather than the natural disaster that had arrived in the form of plague. 117
Primary Sources unpublished Ottoman Sources BIBLIOGRAPHY İdris-i Bitlisi. trans. Mahmud Han "Hisnü'l-vebâ." (translation of Risâletü'l-İbâ an Mevâki'i'l-Vebâ.) Ankara: National Library, microfilm collection, Mf 1994 A2153/A2163. Taşköprüzade, Ahmed. 1959. "Risâle-i Ta'ûn ve Vebâ Tercümesi." Ankara: National Library, microfilm collection, Mf 1994 AA1590 and A145. published Ottoman Sources Ahmedî, Tâce'd-din İbrahim Bin Hızır Ahmedî, History of the Kings of the Ottoman Lineage and their Holy Raids Against the Infidels. Silay Kemal, ed. 2004. Harvard: Harvard University Press. Alpay, Gönül. 1973. Ahmed-i Dâ'î ve Çengnâmesi: Eski Osmanlıca bir Mesnevi. Doğu Dilleri ve Edebiyatlarının Kaynakları no3. Cambridge Mass. Aşıkpaşazâde. Aşıkpaşaoğlu Tarihi. A. Nihal Atsız (trans.) Ankara: Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Yayınları, 1985. Atsız, N.Ç. . XV. Asır Tarihçisi Şükrullâh. Dokuz Boy Türkleri ve Osmanlı Sultanları Tarihi. Istanbul: Arkadaş Basımevi, 1939. Evliya Çelebi. Evliyâ Çelebi Seyâhatnâmesi. Vols. 1-15. Edited by Zuhuri Danışman. Istanbul: Yaylacık Matbaası. 1969. Fakih, Ahmed. 1956. Çarhname. Mecdut Mansuroğlu, ed. İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları no 684. Istanbul: Pulhan Matbaası. Giese, F. (ed.) 1992. Anonim Tevârîh-i âl-i Osman. Nihat Azamat, ed. Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi. Hacı Paşa, Celâlüddin Hızır. Müntahâb-ı Şifâ. edited by Zafer Önler. Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları: 559. Ankara: Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu, 1990. 118
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THE BLACK DEATH IN EARLY OTTOMAN TE
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ÖZET KARA ÖLÜM VE ERKEN OSMANLIL
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ........
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subject is evident, plague has been
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also consulted. In view of this cla
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CHAPTER II A BIOLOGICAL AND HISTORI
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continents. 15 However, because of
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not. 22 Wendy Orent postulates that
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the disease. 31 During this outbrea
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common during winter, whereas the b
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CHAPTER III HISTORICAL SOURCES AND
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which will be critically examined i
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contested by Zeynep Korkmaz on the
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Ahmedi's Gazavâtname. 64 He lived
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The tarih was written as a way to p
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'Hakk-teâlâ gayûr bir pâdişâh
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Ottoman ruler and his conquests, bu
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and 1460. 106 However, of these, al
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He was captured after Constantinopl
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Latin sources The first category of
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elatives and friends ensured him of
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period of one or more seasons, name
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Bir hastalık ki halk arasında sar
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CHAPTER IV THE OUTBREAK AND THE DIF
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that had happened in these lands, s
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"What can we not all say about flie
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of Pera in 1453, was to become of g
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as Karesi, Saruhan, Aydın, Menteş
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A possible explanation is that no w
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Crete. 209 That the Brachea Chronik
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Yusuf's insistence to become a Chri
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earthquake that destroyed much of I
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of two carboni and a jandusa al sca
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CHAPTER V THE RESPONSE TO PLAGUE 5.
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Cydones obviously did not appreciat
Page 71 and 72: mention that "... Bursa şehrinde b
Page 73 and 74: Ve dahi ol yılda Bursa'da tâ'un-
Page 75 and 76: travels also allowed him to become
Page 77 and 78: plague on several other occasions,
Page 79 and 80: epidemics, or was at the very least
Page 81 and 82: 5.2. Religious response In times of
Page 83 and 84: in Europe as a response to the epid
Page 85 and 86: the Orthodox believers and many of
Page 87 and 88: Hak te'âlâ'nun fazlı yitişüp k
Page 89 and 90: were implemented at one time or ano
Page 91 and 92: Islamic religious terms, a more pro
Page 93 and 94: in heaven's name not to touch the c
Page 95 and 96: "Ve dahi ol yılda Bursa'da tâ'un-
Page 97 and 98: quite a few of its regular visitors
Page 99 and 100: notables of Cairo transferred. Whil
Page 101 and 102: his people and the Genoese for thei
Page 103 and 104: death toll to 160 000 or about 1300
Page 105 and 106: suffered great losses through famin
Page 107 and 108: In the above example, the Venetians
Page 109 and 110: while later his brother. They were
Page 111 and 112: prices did occur four years before
Page 113 and 114: asis or had indeed any policy at al
Page 115 and 116: Bertrandon de la Brocquière fulfil
Page 117 and 118: as to whether the Ottomans systemat
Page 119 and 120: present as well in the period under
Page 121: surprising as both European and Ott
Page 125 and 126: -----.Les Regestes des Actes du Pat
Page 127 and 128: Tafur, Pero. 1926. Pero Tafur: Trav
Page 129 and 130: Research Centre for Islamic History
Page 131 and 132: Columbia University Press, 2004. Sc
Page 133 and 134: APPENDIX I ENTRIES FROM THE DIARY O
Page 135 and 136: Da Sybinicho, fo leto una lettera,
Page 137 and 138: morto do fioli da peste, pur Idio l
Page 139 and 140: 61. vol. 28, col. 232 Da Constantin
Page 141 and 142: incolorò, dove la saltò la peste,
Page 143 and 144: E venuto nova il magnifico Perì Ba
Page 145 and 146: Idem, by two slaves who escaped fro
Page 147 and 148: MDX, APRILE (April 1510) 27. vol. 1
Page 149 and 150: There is an enormous plague outbrea
Page 151 and 152: ... that there, in Constantinople,
Page 153 and 154: Paragraph over the statement (made)
Page 155 and 156: a carbuncle, which is a sort of gia
Page 157: From Constantinople, from sir Piero
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the black death in early ottoman territories - Bilkent University

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