the black death in early ottoman territories - Bilkent University

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peace and friendship. 239 Evidently, no mention of Selim's cause of death was made in the letter, as this was a formal announcement from a head of state. Some Ottoman chroniclers would simply register Selim's death as caused by şir pence, literally meaning lion's claw. 240 The Anonim Tevârîh-i Al-i Osman mentions that a sort of boil appeared after the ruler's visit to the hammam 241 and in concordance with the Venetians' report his death in the place where had confronted his father. Unlike the Venetians, who were unhesitant to report anyone's death of plague 242 , Ottomans might have displayed a certain reticence and pudeur towards the disease when it came to describing the death of their rulers. 239 Sanuto, , I diarii di Marino Sanuto, vol. 29, col. 395-396 Copia di la letera dil Signor turco Suliman, scrita a la Signoria nostra, portata per il suo ambasator,... “Sia noto a la Vostra Serenità, come el beato nostro padre è morto, et è fatto beato ...” 240 According to the Redhouse Turkish and English Lexicon. Istanbul, 1890, this means a large carbuncle or boil, thus in fact confirming the Baylo's report. Of course, some other disease, such as anthrax, might have provoked this symptom. 241 see Giese, Anonim Tevârîh-i Al-i Osman, 139. 242 Marino Sanudo regularly mentions the death from plague of important merchants as indeed of the infortunate Baylo Priuli. With a sense for detail, and without making any distinction, he matterof-factly records any cause of death, be it plague, colics, fevre terziana, flusso etc. 61
CHAPTER V THE RESPONSE TO PLAGUE 5.1. Individual and Collective Behavior In the Byzantine society, the arrival of the plague epidemics had a profound influence on people's psychology as well as on social life. Demetrius Cydones, a highly educated man who served under several emperors, witnessed the outbreaks of both 1347/48 and 1361/62 in Constantinople. In a letter to a friend, he deplored the changing behaviour of his fellow-townsmen and the erosion of social ties: "What hurts the most is that people avoid each other, because they fear the contact with the disease." He also expressed his concern for the condition of Constantinople that risks losing its status as an imperial city: The worst of all is that every day the Great City (Constantinople) becomes emptier and the number of graves shows that the Greatest is becoming a small town... I, who have to live in this terror and have to watch how the City is in danger to lose that name, feel deep fear in my soul. 243 During the second outbreak of 1361, he again worried about the fate of Constantinople: ... The survivors do not seem to suffice to bury the death. Each day the evil gets worse; there is no hope to see an end to it and the danger exists that the city which has created all, will absorb all and become our mutual grave. 244 243 Cydones had obtained a high position from Cantacuzenos in 1347 and arrived in Constantinople from Thessalonika shortly before the outbreak started. Kydones, Briefe, 179. 244 Kydones, Briefe, 281. 62
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THE BLACK DEATH IN EARLY OTTOMAN TE
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ÖZET KARA ÖLÜM VE ERKEN OSMANLIL
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ........
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subject is evident, plague has been
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also consulted. In view of this cla
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CHAPTER II A BIOLOGICAL AND HISTORI
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continents. 15 However, because of
Page 15 and 16: not. 22 Wendy Orent postulates that
Page 17 and 18: the disease. 31 During this outbrea
Page 19 and 20: common during winter, whereas the b
Page 21 and 22: CHAPTER III HISTORICAL SOURCES AND
Page 23 and 24: which will be critically examined i
Page 25 and 26: contested by Zeynep Korkmaz on the
Page 27 and 28: Ahmedi's Gazavâtname. 64 He lived
Page 29 and 30: The tarih was written as a way to p
Page 31 and 32: 'Hakk-teâlâ gayûr bir pâdişâh
Page 33 and 34: Ottoman ruler and his conquests, bu
Page 35 and 36: and 1460. 106 However, of these, al
Page 37 and 38: He was captured after Constantinopl
Page 39 and 40: Latin sources The first category of
Page 41 and 42: elatives and friends ensured him of
Page 43 and 44: period of one or more seasons, name
Page 45 and 46: Bir hastalık ki halk arasında sar
Page 47 and 48: CHAPTER IV THE OUTBREAK AND THE DIF
Page 49 and 50: that had happened in these lands, s
Page 51 and 52: "What can we not all say about flie
Page 53 and 54: of Pera in 1453, was to become of g
Page 55 and 56: as Karesi, Saruhan, Aydın, Menteş
Page 57 and 58: A possible explanation is that no w
Page 59 and 60: Crete. 209 That the Brachea Chronik
Page 61 and 62: Yusuf's insistence to become a Chri
Page 63 and 64: earthquake that destroyed much of I
Page 65: of two carboni and a jandusa al sca
Page 69 and 70: Cydones obviously did not appreciat
Page 71 and 72: mention that "... Bursa şehrinde b
Page 73 and 74: Ve dahi ol yılda Bursa'da tâ'un-
Page 75 and 76: travels also allowed him to become
Page 77 and 78: plague on several other occasions,
Page 79 and 80: epidemics, or was at the very least
Page 81 and 82: 5.2. Religious response In times of
Page 83 and 84: in Europe as a response to the epid
Page 85 and 86: the Orthodox believers and many of
Page 87 and 88: Hak te'âlâ'nun fazlı yitişüp k
Page 89 and 90: were implemented at one time or ano
Page 91 and 92: Islamic religious terms, a more pro
Page 93 and 94: in heaven's name not to touch the c
Page 95 and 96: "Ve dahi ol yılda Bursa'da tâ'un-
Page 97 and 98: quite a few of its regular visitors
Page 99 and 100: notables of Cairo transferred. Whil
Page 101 and 102: his people and the Genoese for thei
Page 103 and 104: death toll to 160 000 or about 1300
Page 105 and 106: suffered great losses through famin
Page 107 and 108: In the above example, the Venetians
Page 109 and 110: while later his brother. They were
Page 111 and 112: prices did occur four years before
Page 113 and 114: asis or had indeed any policy at al
Page 115 and 116: Bertrandon de la Brocquière fulfil
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as to whether the Ottomans systemat
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present as well in the period under
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surprising as both European and Ott
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Primary Sources unpublished Ottoman
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-----.Les Regestes des Actes du Pat
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Tafur, Pero. 1926. Pero Tafur: Trav
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Research Centre for Islamic History
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Columbia University Press, 2004. Sc
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APPENDIX I ENTRIES FROM THE DIARY O
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Da Sybinicho, fo leto una lettera,
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morto do fioli da peste, pur Idio l
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61. vol. 28, col. 232 Da Constantin
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incolorò, dove la saltò la peste,
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E venuto nova il magnifico Perì Ba
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Idem, by two slaves who escaped fro
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MDX, APRILE (April 1510) 27. vol. 1
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There is an enormous plague outbrea
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... that there, in Constantinople,
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Paragraph over the statement (made)
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a carbuncle, which is a sort of gia
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From Constantinople, from sir Piero
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