the black death in early ottoman territories - Bilkent University

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ABSTRACT THE BLACK DEATH IN EARLY OTTOMAN TERRITORIES: 1347-1555 Marien. Gisèle M.A. Department of History Supervisor: Prof. Dr Halil İNALCIK May 2009 The aim of this thesis is to analyze the possible impact of the Black Death on the early Ottoman society. Firstly, a temporal and spatial analysis of the outbreaks was established using contemporary Ottoman, Byzantine and Latin sources. In view of the territorial expansion of the Ottoman state in the period studied, information on the adjacent territories was included. The response towards plague was then evaluated taking into account the information obtained on the frequency and geographical distribution of the disease and contrasted with certain previous theories on the impact of plague on Ottoman society. The study reveals that the high frequency of plague outbreaks identified by this study can be linked to a behavior of overall acceptance and to specific actions of an administrative and religious nature. Keywords: plague, epidemic, Black Death, social response, policy, chronology iii
ÖZET KARA ÖLÜM VE ERKEN OSMANLILAR: 1347-1550 Marien, Gisèle Yuksek Lisans, Tarih Bölumu Tez Yöneticisi: Prof. Dr. Halil İNALCIK Nisan 2009 Bu tezin amacı Veba’nın erken dönem Osmanlı toplumu üzerindeki muhtelif etkilerini ortaya koymaktır. İlk olarak veba salgınlarının çağdaş Osmanlı, Bizans ve Latin kaynaklarını kullanarak kısa dönemli ve mekansal analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışılan dönemdeki Osmanlı bölgesel genişlemesi göz önünde bulundurularak yeni fethedilen topraklara komşu bölgeler bu çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Veba’nın Osmanlı toplumu üzerindeki etkileriyle ilgili bazı eski teorilerin tutarsızlığı hastalığın görülme sıklığı ve bölgelere göre coğrafi dağılımıyla ilgili eldeki bilgiler dikkate alınarak değerlendirildi. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları göstermektedir ki Veba salgınlarının görülme sıklığı toplumdaki genel bir kabulleniş kadar idari ve dînî yapı ile de doğrudan bağlantılı bir sonuçtur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Veba, Salgın, Kara Ölüm, Sosyal Tepki, Politika, Kronoloji iv
Page 1: THE BLACK DEATH IN EARLY OTTOMAN TE
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ........
Page 7 and 8: subject is evident, plague has been
Page 9 and 10: also consulted. In view of this cla
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER II A BIOLOGICAL AND HISTORI
Page 13 and 14: continents. 15 However, because of
Page 15 and 16: not. 22 Wendy Orent postulates that
Page 17 and 18: the disease. 31 During this outbrea
Page 19 and 20: common during winter, whereas the b
Page 21 and 22: CHAPTER III HISTORICAL SOURCES AND
Page 23 and 24: which will be critically examined i
Page 25 and 26: contested by Zeynep Korkmaz on the
Page 27 and 28: Ahmedi's Gazavâtname. 64 He lived
Page 29 and 30: The tarih was written as a way to p
Page 31 and 32: 'Hakk-teâlâ gayûr bir pâdişâh
Page 33 and 34: Ottoman ruler and his conquests, bu
Page 35 and 36: and 1460. 106 However, of these, al
Page 37 and 38: He was captured after Constantinopl
Page 39 and 40: Latin sources The first category of
Page 41 and 42: elatives and friends ensured him of
Page 43 and 44: period of one or more seasons, name
Page 45 and 46: Bir hastalık ki halk arasında sar
Page 47 and 48: CHAPTER IV THE OUTBREAK AND THE DIF
Page 49 and 50: that had happened in these lands, s
Page 51 and 52: "What can we not all say about flie
Page 53 and 54:
of Pera in 1453, was to become of g
Page 55 and 56:
as Karesi, Saruhan, Aydın, Menteş
Page 57 and 58:
A possible explanation is that no w
Page 59 and 60:
Crete. 209 That the Brachea Chronik
Page 61 and 62:
Yusuf's insistence to become a Chri
Page 63 and 64:
earthquake that destroyed much of I
Page 65 and 66:
of two carboni and a jandusa al sca
Page 67 and 68:
CHAPTER V THE RESPONSE TO PLAGUE 5.
Page 69 and 70:
Cydones obviously did not appreciat
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mention that "... Bursa şehrinde b
Page 73 and 74:
Ve dahi ol yılda Bursa'da tâ'un-
Page 75 and 76:
travels also allowed him to become
Page 77 and 78:
plague on several other occasions,
Page 79 and 80:
epidemics, or was at the very least
Page 81 and 82:
5.2. Religious response In times of
Page 83 and 84:
in Europe as a response to the epid
Page 85 and 86:
the Orthodox believers and many of
Page 87 and 88:
Hak te'âlâ'nun fazlı yitişüp k
Page 89 and 90:
were implemented at one time or ano
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Islamic religious terms, a more pro
Page 93 and 94:
in heaven's name not to touch the c
Page 95 and 96:
"Ve dahi ol yılda Bursa'da tâ'un-
Page 97 and 98:
quite a few of its regular visitors
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notables of Cairo transferred. Whil
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his people and the Genoese for thei
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death toll to 160 000 or about 1300
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suffered great losses through famin
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In the above example, the Venetians
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while later his brother. They were
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prices did occur four years before
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asis or had indeed any policy at al
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Bertrandon de la Brocquière fulfil
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as to whether the Ottomans systemat
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present as well in the period under
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surprising as both European and Ott
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Primary Sources unpublished Ottoman
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-----.Les Regestes des Actes du Pat
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Tafur, Pero. 1926. Pero Tafur: Trav
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Research Centre for Islamic History
Page 131 and 132:
Columbia University Press, 2004. Sc
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APPENDIX I ENTRIES FROM THE DIARY O
Page 135 and 136:
Da Sybinicho, fo leto una lettera,
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morto do fioli da peste, pur Idio l
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61. vol. 28, col. 232 Da Constantin
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incolorò, dove la saltò la peste,
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E venuto nova il magnifico Perì Ba
Page 145 and 146:
Idem, by two slaves who escaped fro
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MDX, APRILE (April 1510) 27. vol. 1
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There is an enormous plague outbrea
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... that there, in Constantinople,
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Paragraph over the statement (made)
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a carbuncle, which is a sort of gia
Page 157:
From Constantinople, from sir Piero
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