black sea red data book - Department of Biology

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Branchiostoma lanceolatum Pallas, 1774 Synonyms: Amphioxus lanceolatus Pallas, 1744 Common names: Engl: Amphioxus, Lancelet; Bulg: Lantsetnik, Russ: Lantsetnik, Ukr: Lantsetnyk Order AMPHIOXI Family BRANCHIOSTOMIDAE Taxonomic description. The Amphioxus belongs to the chordates. It does not have a spine, but, by possessing a notochord, it ranks only just below the vertebrates. The chorda is well differentiated and runs along the whole body. The body is segmented, dorso-ventrally flattened, spindle-shaped, and pointed at both ends. Colour pink, body semi-transparent. A membranaceous flipper along the dorsal side. The caudal end of the body has a lance-like flipper, where the name of the animal originates from. Cranium, head and central nervous system not differentiated. There is no heart, but pulsating blood vessels instead. The length of the body reaches usually 3-5 cm, rarely 8 cm. IUCN Status World level: Black Sea Regional level: Subregion level: VU Distribution, Habitat type, Critical habitats, Limiting factors. Amphioxus inhabits the sandy sublittoral at depths down to 28-30 m. It is accompanied by some specific Polychaeta species (e.g. Staurocephalus keffersteini) in a biocoenoses called Amphioxus sands. It prefers sand mixed with shells. It is very rare on muddy bottoms because it is not adapted to life on bottoms with fine particles. Biology. Amphioxus feeds on microalgae, infusoria, crustaceans, etc. Its behaviour differs according to bottom structure. In coarse sand, where water is rich in oxygen and food particles circulate freely, it buries itself entirely. In fine sand, only half of the body is buried, the other half emerges from the bottom. In muddy grounds it does not bury itself at all because it can neither feed nor breathe there. The animal is more active during the night. It reproduces during summer and lives for three to four years. Population trends. Muddy areas have expanded during the last decade as a result of intensive dumping of dead organic matter. This is unfavourable for Amphioxus and any such change in bottom structure results in a considerable decrease in its abundance. In the 1960s, it was common along the Bulgarian coast, with the highest 148
abundance recorded north of Cape Maslen Nos at 21 m deep (1130 ind.m" 2 ). In 1981 it was still encountered in Varna bay, but in 1991 it had disappered from the region. Isolated individuals of B. lanceolatum are found in the southern region (Sozopol) in only 1996. Threats. The main threat is the reduction of the areas with coarse sand, by eutrophication and organic pollution. Conservation measures taken. None so far. Conservation measures proposed. Reduce pollution and eutrophication. References Cherno more Sbornik, 1978. G.Bakalowle, Varna: 123-124 pp. Kaneva-Abadjieva & V. T. Marinov, 1966. Razpredelenie na zoobentosa na piasachnata biocenoza pred balgarskia chemomorski briag. Varna, Izv. NIORS: 7: 69-95. Konsulova, Т., 1992. Seasonal structure and ecological status of Varna Bay (Black Sea) sandy and muddy macrozoobenthic coenoses. Rapp. Comm. int. Mer medit. 33 42. Marinov, Т., 1990. Zoobentosat ot balgarskia sector na Cherno morelo. BAN, Bulg.Akad.Nauk: 195 pp. Compiled by T. Konsulova 149
Page 3 and 4:
The designation employed and the pr
Page 5 and 6:
EDITOR'S PREFACE This "paper form"
Page 7 and 8:
The preparation of the Regional Lis
Page 9 and 10:
The book was written in English. Th
Page 11 and 12:
information: Category of the specie
Page 13 and 14:
-Taxon endangered (EN) - a taxon wh
Page 15 and 16:
-Mammals - 15 species (9 species in
Page 17 and 18:
published in February 1997. It is a
Page 19 and 20:
Synonyms: None Allium guttatum Stev
Page 21 and 22:
Asparagus brachyphyllus Turczaninov
Page 23 and 24:
Asparagus litoralis Steven, 1857 Sy
Page 25 and 26:
Astrodaucus Uttoralis Prude, 1898 S
Page 27 and 28:
Biology. Reproduction is by seeds a
Page 29 and 30:
Distribution, Habitat type, Critica
Page 31 and 32:
Calystegia soldanella (Linnaeus) R.
Page 33 and 34:
Luks, Y. A., L. A. Privalova & I. V
Page 35 and 36:
Biology. Flowering during Fruit-bea
Page 37 and 38:
Threats. Draining of wetlands, crea
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Crambe pontica Stev. ex Rupr., 1869
Page 43 and 44:
Cystoseira barbota (Good. & Wood, 1
Page 45 and 46:
Bologa, A. S., 1987-88. Annotated b
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Dictiota dichotoma (Lamour, 1809) S
Page 51 and 52:
Elymus pycnanthus (Godron) Melderis
Page 53 and 54:
Synonyms: None. Ephedra distachya (
Page 55 and 56:
Synonyms: Arenaria cephalotes Bieb.
Page 57 and 58:
Synonyms: None Eryngium maritimum L
Page 59 and 60:
Euphorbia paralias Linnaeus, 1753 S
Page 61 and 62:
zapovednoy okhrany (Catalogue of Ra
Page 63 and 64:
Conservation measures proposed. Cre
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Conservation measures taken. Includ
Page 69 and 70:
Biology. Flowering during V-VII, fr
Page 71 and 72:
Biology. An annual or perennial her
Page 73 and 74:
Threats. Destruction of its locatio
Page 75 and 76:
Biology. Flowering and fruit-bearin
Page 77 and 78:
only localities in the Crimea). Lim
Page 79 and 80:
Synonyms: None Nymphoidespeltata S.
Page 81 and 82:
Synonyms: None Ornithogalum refract
Page 83 and 84:
Synonyms: None. Pancratium maritimu
Page 85 and 86:
Parapholis incurva (Linnaeus) C.E.H
Page 87 and 88:
Rubtsov, N. I. (Ed.), 1972. Opredel
Page 89 and 90:
IUCN Status World level: Black Sea
Page 91 and 92:
Phyllophora nervosa (P.C. Grev., 18
Page 93 and 94:
Katukov, A. B., 1983. Phyllophora v
Page 95 and 96:
Distribution. Mostly in the north-w
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100: Conservation measures proposed. Cre
Page 101 and 102: Conservation measures taken. One of
Page 103 and 104: Conservation measures taken. None.
Page 105 and 106: Threats. Changes in the water regim
Page 107 and 108: Conservation measures taken. The sp
Page 109 and 110: Seeds have good germination power (
Page 111 and 112: Synonyms: None. Zostera marina (Lin
Page 113 and 114: Synonyms: Zostera nana Roth. Zoster
Page 115 and 116: PART II. ANIMALS Acipenser gtildens
Page 117 and 118: Adoption of strict national measure
Page 119 and 120: Biology. A migratory, anadromous sp
Page 121 and 122: Aidablennius sphynx Valenciennes, 1
Page 123 and 124: Synonyms: Anax imperator Leach, 181
Page 125 and 126: Beschovski, V., 1964b. Odonata (Dra
Page 127 and 128: Biology. Well adapted to the surfac
Page 129 and 130: eggs and is incubated for 28-29 day
Page 131 and 132: Aporrhais pespelecani (Linnaeus, 17
Page 133 and 134: Apseudopsis ostroumovi Bacescu & Ca
Page 135 and 136: Synonyms: Ardea ralloides. Ardeola
Page 137 and 138: Aythya nyroca Guldenstadt, 1770 Syn
Page 139 and 140: Betone betone euxini (Günther, 189
Page 141 and 142: References Banarascu, P., 1964. Pis
Page 143 and 144: Population trends. Declining. Threa
Page 145 and 146: macrophyte fauna of the Romanian Bl
Page 147 and 148: Population trends. Before 1940, fou
Page 149: Threats. Cattle-grazing, pollution
Page 153 and 154: migration from September to early O
Page 155 and 156: Synonyms: Callionymus risso Le Sueu
Page 157 and 158: Calopteryx splendens - complex Syno
Page 159 and 160: Conservation measures taken. Some o
Page 161 and 162: Calopteryx virgo - complex Synonyms
Page 163 and 164: References Bartenef, A. N., 1912. D
Page 165 and 166: Sea; in the Atlantic known to occur
Page 167 and 168: Synonyms: None. Common names: None.
Page 169 and 170: Chaetogammarus ischnus major (Stebl
Page 171 and 172: Chromogobius quadrivittatus Steinda
Page 173 and 174: Ciconia nigra Linnaeus, 1758 Synony
Page 175 and 176: similar. Often the two species gath
Page 177 and 178: Clupeonella cultriventris Nordmann,
Page 179 and 180: Synonyms: None. Common names. None.
Page 181 and 182: Colpocyclops longispinosus (Monchen
Page 183 and 184: Synonyms: None. Conger conger (Linn
Page 185 and 186: Coryphoblennius galerita (Linnaeus,
Page 187 and 188: Delphinus delphis Linnaeus, 1758 Sy
Page 189 and 190: cases of dolphins entangled in pela
Page 191 and 192: Dikerogammarus vilosus (Sovinskii,
Page 193 and 194: Diogenes pugilator (Roux, 1828) Syn
Page 195 and 196: Diplodus annularis Linnaeus, 1758 S
Page 197 and 198: Donacilla cornea (Poli, 1791) Synon
Page 199 and 200: Epallage fatime (Charpentier, 1840)
Page 201 and 202:
Dumont, H. J. A review of the drago
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Falco cherrug (Gray, 1834) Synonyms
Page 207 and 208:
References Ardamatzkaia, T. B. & A.
Page 209 and 210:
irds occur throughout the area: on
Page 211 and 212:
Felis silvestris Schreber, 1777 Syn
Page 213 and 214:
Synonyms: None Glareola nordmanni N
Page 215 and 216:
Glareola pratincola (Linnaeus, 1758
Page 217 and 218:
Gobius bucchichi Steindachner, 1870
Page 219 and 220:
Gobius cobitis (Pallas, 1811) Synon
Page 221 and 222:
Synonyms: None Grus grus Linnaeus,
Page 223 and 224:
References Grinchenko, A .B., 1987.
Page 225 and 226:
small molluscs and copepods along t
Page 227 and 228:
Conservation measures taken. None.
Page 229 and 230:
on the large basins in the Romanian
Page 231 and 232:
Hörig, H., 1986. Seeadlerbestand w
Page 233 and 234:
Threats. Turbidity in shallow zones
Page 235 and 236:
Biology. A euryhaline organism, liv
Page 237 and 238:
Synonyms: None. Hemimysis serrata (
Page 239 and 240:
Synonyms: None. Common names: None.
Page 241 and 242:
Synonyms: Himantopus himantopus Lin
Page 243 and 244:
Hippocampus guttulatus microstephan
Page 245 and 246:
Hydroprogne caspia (Pallas, 1770) S
Page 247 and 248:
Synonyms: None Iphigenella acanthop
Page 249 and 250:
Iphigenella andrussovi (Sars, 1896)
Page 251 and 252:
Polischuk, V. V., 1994. Iphigenella
Page 253 and 254:
Population trends. Stable in the re
Page 255 and 256:
Threats. Silty lower river reaches;
Page 257 and 258:
Conservation measures proposed. Inc
Page 259 and 260:
Conservation measures proposed. Inc
Page 261 and 262:
Threats. Breakdown of the hydrochem
Page 263 and 264:
coast of the Black Sea; also in the
Page 265 and 266:
Lutra lutra Linnaeus, 1758 Synonyms
Page 267 and 268:
International Conventions for biodi
Page 269 and 270:
Population trends. Abundant in the
Page 271 and 272:
Threats. Sand dredging, trawling. C
Page 273 and 274:
Mergus serrator of Black Sea origin
Page 275 and 276:
May for reproduction (at 6 °C); re
Page 277 and 278:
Moerisia maeotica (Ostroumov, 1896)
Page 279 and 280:
Opredelitel fauny Chernogo i Azovsk
Page 281 and 282:
individuals still live between Zong
Page 283 and 284:
23 °C. First reproduction at the a
Page 285 and 286:
Population trends. Declining. Threa
Page 287 and 288:
Biology. Reproduction from March to
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Threats. Human disturbance, hunting
Page 293 and 294:
Population trends. Unknown. Threats
Page 295 and 296:
acteria and Infusoria. The female l
Page 297 and 298:
Biology. A typical contourobiont in
Page 299 and 300:
Biology. A sedentary sestonophage.
Page 301 and 302:
Pachygrapsus marmoratus Fabricius,
Page 303 and 304:
Bacescu M., G. I. Muller, M-T Gomoi
Page 305 and 306:
Biology. A vegetarian, browsing on
Page 307 and 308:
frequent are floating nests near op
Page 309 and 310:
the Azov-Black Sea area (lakes of t
Page 311 and 312:
Synonyms: Phalacrocorax albus Tray
Page 313 and 314:
Phocoena phocoena Linnaeus, 1758 Sy
Page 315 and 316:
coasts, single animals and small gr
Page 317 and 318:
Pilumnus hirtellus Linnaeus, 1758 S
Page 319 and 320:
Borcea, I., 1926. Données sommaire
Page 321 and 322:
Fledging at the age of 50-55 days.
Page 323 and 324:
Plegadis falcinellus Linnaeus, 1766
Page 325 and 326:
Pomatoschistus minutus (Pallas, 177
Page 327 and 328:
Synonyms: None. Common names: None.
Page 329 and 330:
Potamon tauricum Czerniavsky, 1884
Page 331 and 332:
Makarov, Y. M., 1994. Prisnovodny k
Page 333 and 334:
Biology. Reproduction: April-May. E
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Black Sea coast in late September-e
Page 339 and 340:
Krivenko, V., 1983. Krasnazobaia ka
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 Syn
Page 345 and 346:
Radu, G., E. Leonte, G., Butoi, F.
Page 347 and 348:
littoral areas of the north-western
Page 349 and 350:
Habitat type, Critical habitats, Li
Page 351 and 352:
Threats. Overfishing, illegal fishi
Page 353 and 354:
Population trends. After 1970, very
Page 355 and 356:
Breeding density can be up to 5 nes
Page 357 and 358:
Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758) Syn
Page 359 and 360:
Symphodus ocellatus (Forsskal, 1775
Page 361 and 362:
Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) Sy
Page 363 and 364:
Synonyms: None. Syngnatus tenuirost
Page 365 and 366:
Syngnathus typhle (Linnaeus, 1758)
Page 367 and 368:
Tado ma ferruginea (Pallas, 1764) S
Page 369 and 370:
Thunnus thynnus Linnaeus, 1758 Syno
Page 371 and 372:
FAO, 1973. Species identification s
Page 373 and 374:
Population trends. Declining. Threa
Page 375 and 376:
Biology. Feeds mainly on crustacean
Page 377 and 378:
Crimea in autumn, but migratory rou
Page 379 and 380:
(Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol.2
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
Uranoscopus scaber (Linnaeus, 1758)
Page 385 and 386:
Xantho poressa (Qlivii, 1792) Synon
Page 387 and 388:
Synonyms: Xiphias gladius Gunther,
Page 389 and 390:
Zosterisessor ophiocephalus Pallas,
Page 391 and 392:
References Abuladze, A., 1993. The
Page 393 and 394:
Bacescu, M., G. I. Muller & M. T. G
Page 395 and 396:
Borcea, L, 1926-1927. Note sur les
Page 397 and 398:
Davis P. H., 1965-1985. Flora of Tu
Page 399 and 400:
Gomoiu, M.-T., 1976. Ecological stu
Page 401 and 402:
Karapetkova, M., 1985. Red book of
Page 403 and 404:
Lebedeva, M., 1979. Migracii chemog
Page 405 and 406:
Monchenko, V. I., 1978. The allocat
Page 407 and 408:
Polischuk, V. V., 1994. Iphigenella
Page 409 and 410:
Sabinevskii, B. & T. Ardamatskaia,
Page 411 and 412:
Svetovidov, A. N. 1964. Ryby Cherno
Page 413 and 414:
Vulff, E.W., 1951. Flora Kryma. Tom
show all

black sea red data book - Department of Biology

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?