black sea red data book - Department of Biology

individuals still live between Zonguldak and Dogankent (see Oztiirk, this volume:
introduction). In addition, there are some sporadic observations in the Danube delta
and at Cape Caliacra. The creation of a nature reserve for the monk seal is an urgent
priority for Turkey. A special public awareness programme should be aimed at
fishermen and other local people.
Biology. Sexual maturity at four years of age. Newborn pups have been found at
different times of year, but most often in summer and early fall. Observations suggest
that whelping is asynchronous and may take place around the year. Gestation takes c.
11 months. This mediterranean species is a shallow-water feeder. Its diet consists of
a large variety of fish, e.g. Sea bream, Sea bass, Mullet, Bonito, and also cephalopods.
Population trends. The population collapsed in the last 20 years.
Threats. Deliberate killing, incidental catch, loss of habitat.
Conservation measures taken. Protected in the Mediterranian basin. Under
protection in Turkey since 1977. Hunting, harvesting, selling, buying and
transportation are forbidden.
Conservation measures proposed. Include in Black Sea Red Data Book. In situ
protection on central south Black Sea coast. Designation of special protected areas
between Doganyurt and Cide. Mass public awareness campaigns.
References
Oztiirk, B., 1996. Past, Present and Future of the Mediterranean Monk Seal
Monachus monachus (Hermann, 1779) in the Black Sea. Proceedings of the first
International Symposium on the Marine Mammals of the Black Sea. p. 96-102.
Istanbul, Turkey.
Red Data Book of Ukraine. 411 pp.
Compiled by B. Oztiirk.
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