black sea red data book - Department of Biology

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Velchev, V. (Ed.), 1984. Chervena kniga na NR Bulgaria. Tom 1. Rasteniya. (The Red Data Book of Bulgaria. Vol. 1. Plants). Sofia, Izdatelstvo na Bulgarskata Akademia na naukite: 448 pp. (in Bulgarian). Shelyag-Sosonko, Y. R. (Ed.), 1996. Chervona Knyga Ukrayiny. (The Red DataBook of Ukraine). Kiev, Ukrayins'ka Encyklopediya: 608 pp. (in Ukrainian). Compiled by L. Vakhrusheva 22
Asparagus litoralis Steven, 1857 Synonyms: Asparagus misczenkoi Djin; Asparagus neglectus Kar et Kir; Asparagus monoclados Vved.; Asparagus ferganensis Vved Common names: Engl: Coastal asparagus; Bulg: Asperja; Russ: Sparzha pribrezhnaya; Turk: Kiyi asparagusu Ukr: Kholodok pryberezhny Taxonomic description. A perennial grass, 30-50 cm in height. The plant is dioecious. Cladodes thick (0.3-0.7 mm in diameter), bare, furrowed, near 1.0-1.5 cm lengthwise, to a high degree fan-like diverging from the stem, in bundles of 4-10. The flowers are located at the top of the floriferous stems and branches. The berry is red, near 7-8 mm in diameter. IUCN Status World level: NE Black Sea Regional level: VU Subregion level: VU in Ukraine Distribution, Habitat type, Critical habitats, Limiting factors. The plant prefers littoral strips, sands, cockle-shells, and rocks. Critical habitats: Crimean coastline, in particular Sudak, Shchebetovka, Maly Mayak, Ayudag mountain. Limiting factors: endemism, limited distribution, small population sizes; storm destruction and overgrazing. Order ASPARAGALES Family ASPARAGACEAE 23
Page 3 and 4: The designation employed and the pr
Page 5 and 6: EDITOR'S PREFACE This "paper form"
Page 7 and 8: The preparation of the Regional Lis
Page 9 and 10: The book was written in English. Th
Page 11 and 12: information: Category of the specie
Page 13 and 14: -Taxon endangered (EN) - a taxon wh
Page 15 and 16: -Mammals - 15 species (9 species in
Page 17 and 18: published in February 1997. It is a
Page 19 and 20: Synonyms: None Allium guttatum Stev
Page 21: Asparagus brachyphyllus Turczaninov
Page 25 and 26: Astrodaucus Uttoralis Prude, 1898 S
Page 27 and 28: Biology. Reproduction is by seeds a
Page 29 and 30: Distribution, Habitat type, Critica
Page 31 and 32: Calystegia soldanella (Linnaeus) R.
Page 33 and 34: Luks, Y. A., L. A. Privalova & I. V
Page 35 and 36: Biology. Flowering during Fruit-bea
Page 37 and 38: Threats. Draining of wetlands, crea
Page 41 and 42: Crambe pontica Stev. ex Rupr., 1869
Page 43 and 44: Cystoseira barbota (Good. & Wood, 1
Page 45 and 46: Bologa, A. S., 1987-88. Annotated b
Page 49 and 50: Dictiota dichotoma (Lamour, 1809) S
Page 51 and 52: Elymus pycnanthus (Godron) Melderis
Page 53 and 54: Synonyms: None. Ephedra distachya (
Page 55 and 56: Synonyms: Arenaria cephalotes Bieb.
Page 57 and 58: Synonyms: None Eryngium maritimum L
Page 59 and 60: Euphorbia paralias Linnaeus, 1753 S
Page 61 and 62: zapovednoy okhrany (Catalogue of Ra
Page 63 and 64: Conservation measures proposed. Cre
Page 67 and 68: Conservation measures taken. Includ
Page 69 and 70: Biology. Flowering during V-VII, fr
Page 71 and 72: Biology. An annual or perennial her
Page 73 and 74:
Threats. Destruction of its locatio
Page 75 and 76:
Biology. Flowering and fruit-bearin
Page 77 and 78:
only localities in the Crimea). Lim
Page 79 and 80:
Synonyms: None Nymphoidespeltata S.
Page 81 and 82:
Synonyms: None Ornithogalum refract
Page 83 and 84:
Synonyms: None. Pancratium maritimu
Page 85 and 86:
Parapholis incurva (Linnaeus) C.E.H
Page 87 and 88:
Rubtsov, N. I. (Ed.), 1972. Opredel
Page 89 and 90:
IUCN Status World level: Black Sea
Page 91 and 92:
Phyllophora nervosa (P.C. Grev., 18
Page 93 and 94:
Katukov, A. B., 1983. Phyllophora v
Page 95 and 96:
Distribution. Mostly in the north-w
Page 97 and 98:
Distribution, Habitat type, Critica
Page 99 and 100:
Conservation measures proposed. Cre
Page 101 and 102:
Conservation measures taken. One of
Page 103 and 104:
Conservation measures taken. None.
Page 105 and 106:
Threats. Changes in the water regim
Page 107 and 108:
Conservation measures taken. The sp
Page 109 and 110:
Seeds have good germination power (
Page 111 and 112:
Synonyms: None. Zostera marina (Lin
Page 113 and 114:
Synonyms: Zostera nana Roth. Zoster
Page 115 and 116:
PART II. ANIMALS Acipenser gtildens
Page 117 and 118:
Adoption of strict national measure
Page 119 and 120:
Biology. A migratory, anadromous sp
Page 121 and 122:
Aidablennius sphynx Valenciennes, 1
Page 123 and 124:
Synonyms: Anax imperator Leach, 181
Page 125 and 126:
Beschovski, V., 1964b. Odonata (Dra
Page 127 and 128:
Biology. Well adapted to the surfac
Page 129 and 130:
eggs and is incubated for 28-29 day
Page 131 and 132:
Aporrhais pespelecani (Linnaeus, 17
Page 133 and 134:
Apseudopsis ostroumovi Bacescu & Ca
Page 135 and 136:
Synonyms: Ardea ralloides. Ardeola
Page 137 and 138:
Aythya nyroca Guldenstadt, 1770 Syn
Page 139 and 140:
Betone betone euxini (Günther, 189
Page 141 and 142:
References Banarascu, P., 1964. Pis
Page 143 and 144:
Population trends. Declining. Threa
Page 145 and 146:
macrophyte fauna of the Romanian Bl
Page 147 and 148:
Population trends. Before 1940, fou
Page 149 and 150:
Threats. Cattle-grazing, pollution
Page 151 and 152:
abundance recorded north of Cape Ma
Page 153 and 154:
migration from September to early O
Page 155 and 156:
Synonyms: Callionymus risso Le Sueu
Page 157 and 158:
Calopteryx splendens - complex Syno
Page 159 and 160:
Conservation measures taken. Some o
Page 161 and 162:
Calopteryx virgo - complex Synonyms
Page 163 and 164:
References Bartenef, A. N., 1912. D
Page 165 and 166:
Sea; in the Atlantic known to occur
Page 167 and 168:
Synonyms: None. Common names: None.
Page 169 and 170:
Chaetogammarus ischnus major (Stebl
Page 171 and 172:
Chromogobius quadrivittatus Steinda
Page 173 and 174:
Ciconia nigra Linnaeus, 1758 Synony
Page 175 and 176:
similar. Often the two species gath
Page 177 and 178:
Clupeonella cultriventris Nordmann,
Page 179 and 180:
Synonyms: None. Common names. None.
Page 181 and 182:
Colpocyclops longispinosus (Monchen
Page 183 and 184:
Synonyms: None. Conger conger (Linn
Page 185 and 186:
Coryphoblennius galerita (Linnaeus,
Page 187 and 188:
Delphinus delphis Linnaeus, 1758 Sy
Page 189 and 190:
cases of dolphins entangled in pela
Page 191 and 192:
Dikerogammarus vilosus (Sovinskii,
Page 193 and 194:
Diogenes pugilator (Roux, 1828) Syn
Page 195 and 196:
Diplodus annularis Linnaeus, 1758 S
Page 197 and 198:
Donacilla cornea (Poli, 1791) Synon
Page 199 and 200:
Epallage fatime (Charpentier, 1840)
Page 201 and 202:
Dumont, H. J. A review of the drago
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Falco cherrug (Gray, 1834) Synonyms
Page 207 and 208:
References Ardamatzkaia, T. B. & A.
Page 209 and 210:
irds occur throughout the area: on
Page 211 and 212:
Felis silvestris Schreber, 1777 Syn
Page 213 and 214:
Synonyms: None Glareola nordmanni N
Page 215 and 216:
Glareola pratincola (Linnaeus, 1758
Page 217 and 218:
Gobius bucchichi Steindachner, 1870
Page 219 and 220:
Gobius cobitis (Pallas, 1811) Synon
Page 221 and 222:
Synonyms: None Grus grus Linnaeus,
Page 223 and 224:
References Grinchenko, A .B., 1987.
Page 225 and 226:
small molluscs and copepods along t
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
on the large basins in the Romanian
Page 231 and 232:
Hörig, H., 1986. Seeadlerbestand w
Page 233 and 234:
Threats. Turbidity in shallow zones
Page 235 and 236:
Biology. A euryhaline organism, liv
Page 237 and 238:
Synonyms: None. Hemimysis serrata (
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Synonyms: Himantopus himantopus Lin
Page 243 and 244:
Hippocampus guttulatus microstephan
Page 245 and 246:
Hydroprogne caspia (Pallas, 1770) S
Page 247 and 248:
Synonyms: None Iphigenella acanthop
Page 249 and 250:
Iphigenella andrussovi (Sars, 1896)
Page 251 and 252:
Polischuk, V. V., 1994. Iphigenella
Page 253 and 254:
Population trends. Stable in the re
Page 255 and 256:
Threats. Silty lower river reaches;
Page 257 and 258:
Conservation measures proposed. Inc
Page 259 and 260:
Conservation measures proposed. Inc
Page 261 and 262:
Threats. Breakdown of the hydrochem
Page 263 and 264:
coast of the Black Sea; also in the
Page 265 and 266:
Lutra lutra Linnaeus, 1758 Synonyms
Page 267 and 268:
International Conventions for biodi
Page 269 and 270:
Population trends. Abundant in the
Page 271 and 272:
Threats. Sand dredging, trawling. C
Page 273 and 274:
Mergus serrator of Black Sea origin
Page 275 and 276:
May for reproduction (at 6 °C); re
Page 277 and 278:
Moerisia maeotica (Ostroumov, 1896)
Page 279 and 280:
Opredelitel fauny Chernogo i Azovsk
Page 281 and 282:
individuals still live between Zong
Page 283 and 284:
23 °C. First reproduction at the a
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Biology. Reproduction from March to
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Threats. Human disturbance, hunting
Page 293 and 294:
Population trends. Unknown. Threats
Page 295 and 296:
acteria and Infusoria. The female l
Page 297 and 298:
Biology. A typical contourobiont in
Page 299 and 300:
Biology. A sedentary sestonophage.
Page 301 and 302:
Pachygrapsus marmoratus Fabricius,
Page 303 and 304:
Bacescu M., G. I. Muller, M-T Gomoi
Page 305 and 306:
Biology. A vegetarian, browsing on
Page 307 and 308:
frequent are floating nests near op
Page 309 and 310:
the Azov-Black Sea area (lakes of t
Page 311 and 312:
Synonyms: Phalacrocorax albus Tray
Page 313 and 314:
Phocoena phocoena Linnaeus, 1758 Sy
Page 315 and 316:
coasts, single animals and small gr
Page 317 and 318:
Pilumnus hirtellus Linnaeus, 1758 S
Page 319 and 320:
Borcea, I., 1926. Données sommaire
Page 321 and 322:
Fledging at the age of 50-55 days.
Page 323 and 324:
Plegadis falcinellus Linnaeus, 1766
Page 325 and 326:
Pomatoschistus minutus (Pallas, 177
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
Potamon tauricum Czerniavsky, 1884
Page 331 and 332:
Makarov, Y. M., 1994. Prisnovodny k
Page 333 and 334:
Biology. Reproduction: April-May. E
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Black Sea coast in late September-e
Page 339 and 340:
Krivenko, V., 1983. Krasnazobaia ka
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 Syn
Page 345 and 346:
Radu, G., E. Leonte, G., Butoi, F.
Page 347 and 348:
littoral areas of the north-western
Page 349 and 350:
Habitat type, Critical habitats, Li
Page 351 and 352:
Threats. Overfishing, illegal fishi
Page 353 and 354:
Population trends. After 1970, very
Page 355 and 356:
Breeding density can be up to 5 nes
Page 357 and 358:
Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758) Syn
Page 359 and 360:
Symphodus ocellatus (Forsskal, 1775
Page 361 and 362:
Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) Sy
Page 363 and 364:
Synonyms: None. Syngnatus tenuirost
Page 365 and 366:
Syngnathus typhle (Linnaeus, 1758)
Page 367 and 368:
Tado ma ferruginea (Pallas, 1764) S
Page 369 and 370:
Thunnus thynnus Linnaeus, 1758 Syno
Page 371 and 372:
FAO, 1973. Species identification s
Page 373 and 374:
Page 375 and 376:
Biology. Feeds mainly on crustacean
Page 377 and 378:
Crimea in autumn, but migratory rou
Page 379 and 380:
(Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol.2
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
Uranoscopus scaber (Linnaeus, 1758)
Page 385 and 386:
Xantho poressa (Qlivii, 1792) Synon
Page 387 and 388:
Synonyms: Xiphias gladius Gunther,
Page 389 and 390:
Zosterisessor ophiocephalus Pallas,
Page 391 and 392:
References Abuladze, A., 1993. The
Page 393 and 394:
Bacescu, M., G. I. Muller & M. T. G
Page 395 and 396:
Borcea, L, 1926-1927. Note sur les
Page 397 and 398:
Davis P. H., 1965-1985. Flora of Tu
Page 399 and 400:
Gomoiu, M.-T., 1976. Ecological stu
Page 401 and 402:
Karapetkova, M., 1985. Red book of
Page 403 and 404:
Lebedeva, M., 1979. Migracii chemog
Page 405 and 406:
Monchenko, V. I., 1978. The allocat
Page 407 and 408:
Polischuk, V. V., 1994. Iphigenella
Page 409 and 410:
Sabinevskii, B. & T. Ardamatskaia,
Page 411 and 412:
Svetovidov, A. N. 1964. Ryby Cherno
Page 413 and 414:
Vulff, E.W., 1951. Flora Kryma. Tom
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