black sea red data book - Department of Biology

migration from September to early October. Food mostly insects, molluscs, and small
vertebrates.
Population trends. Insufficient breeding range, but ability to breed in agricultural
fields and pastures with low grazing pressure.
Threats. Disturbance, clutch and chick losses due to over-grazing and recreation
pressure, killing by people, predation by Crows (Corvidae), raccoon (Nyctereutes
procyonoides), foxes (Vulpes vulpes), and domestic dogs.
Conservation measures taken. There is no real protection most pairs breed outside
the protected areas.
Conservation measures proposed. Expansion of the protected areas for more
breeding sites, limitation of grazing therein, reduction of predator numbers.
References
Andryushchenko, Y., 1995. Demoiselle Crane and some other rare Gruiformes in the
agricultural landscapes of the Steppe Zone of the left-bank Ukraine and the Crimea.
Author's abstract of the Candidate of Biological Sciences Degree dissertation.
Moskow: 45 pp. (in Russian).
Chervona Knyga Ukrayiny , 1994. (Red Data Book of Ukraine). Kijiv, Ukrajinska
Encyklopediya Publ.: 345 pp. (in Ukrainian).
Kistiakivs'ki, O. B., 1957. Fauna of Ukraine. Birds. Kiev, Akad. Nauk. USSR 4: 432
pp.(in Russian).
Kostin ,Y. V., 1983. Birds of the Crimea: 241 pp. (in Russian).
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