black sea red data book - Department of Biology

these depths, especially in winter. Threat: pollution of coastal waters where
reproduction takes place.
Biology. Lives in small schools which perform irregular migrations; spawning in
May-June near the coasts; spherical eggs deposited on algae or on the bottom. A
marked sexual dimorphism, males having brighter colours (blue-striped) and longer
fins. Feeds on both algae and animals (crustaceans, molluscs, worms and small fish);
feeds intensely, also in winter, a little less during reproduction.
Population trends. Caught with trammel nets, bottom trawls and pots. On the
Romanian littoral the species is accidental in the catches. On the Turkish littoral, the
catches recorded in 1989 were 6541, in 1990 - 1,638 t and in 1991-3391.
Threats. Pollution and unfavourable hydrological conditions.
Conservation measures taken. None.
Conservation measures proposed. Reduce eutrophication and pollution.
References
Banarascu, P., 1964. Fauna of RPR. Pisces, Osteichthyes. Edit. Acad.R. P. Romania.
FAO, 1973. Species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Mediterranean and
Black Sea, fishing area 37. Rome.
Compiled by G. Radu & F. Verioti.
357