black sea red data book - Department of Biology

Biology. Carnivorous (small rodents and lagomorphs, amphibians, fish, insects taken
only rarely). Largely crepuscular and nocturnal. Females sedentary and exclusively
territorial. Many males, particularly young animals, are nomadic, and movements
overlap females' ranges. Mating in late winter and spring, births in April-September
(peaks in May). Males sexually mature after one year; females after 9-10 months.
Gestation 63-69 days. Litter size averages 3.4 (range 1-8). One litter per year,
occasionally a second litter in captivity.
Population trends. Stable populations in the reserves and in larger forests.
Threats. Environmental pollution, habitat fragmentation, tourist pressure.
Conservation measures taken. Part of the habitats are included in reserves.
Conservation measures proposed. Regular recording of the species numbers in the
region.
References
Ellerman, T. & C. S. Morrison-Scott, 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian
Mammals (1758 to 1946). London, Trustees of the British Museum: 303-304.
International Conventions for biodiversity conservation. Bern Convention, 1996.
Publ. Green Balkans and PHARE Programme, Annex II: 97 pp.
Macdonald, D. & P. Barret, 1993. Mammals of Britain & Europe. Collins Field
Guide. Harper Collins Publishers: 133-136.
Sokolov, W. E. 1988. Dictionary of animal names in five languages. Mammals.
352 pp.
Compiled by S. Gerasimov
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