black sea red data book - Department of Biology

23 °C. First reproduction at the age of one year (8-11 cm). Females longer than
males; pelagic eggs.
Population trends. Catches during recent decades on the Romanian littoral were
generally small; the catches in stake nets were 5 t (1989), 8 t (1990), 25 t (1991). The
catches in Turkish waters were 5,641 1 (1989), 2,3441 (1990), 2,7121 (1991). For
Russia: 3841 (1989), 236 (1990), 255 t (1991).
Threats. Hypoxia in the near-bottom layer and pollution of the surface microlayer.
Conservation measures taken. None.
Conservation measures proposed. Reduce eutrophication; prohibit
dredging/trawling.
References
FAO, 1973. Species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Mediterranean and
Black Sea, fishing area 37. Rome.
Fauna Fauna of Ukraine. Kiev, Naukova Dumka 8 (5): 320 pp. (in Russian).
Radu, G., E Leonte, G. Butoi, F. Verioti & E. Radu, 1996. Principalele specii de pesti
si mamifere din Marea Neagra (Determinator) (Fish and mammal species of the Black
Sea) (identification sheets) (in Romanian).
Svetovidov, A. N., Ryby Chernogo morya (Fishes of the Black Sea). Moscow-
Leningrad, Nauka: 551pp (in Russian).
Compiled by G. Radu, F. Verioti & S. Khutornoy.
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