black sea red data book - Department of Biology

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BLACK SEA RED DATA BOOK Edited by Henri J. Dumont (Ghent, Belgium) Website Editor: V.O. Mamaev (Istanbul, Turkey) Scientific Coordinator: Y.P. Zaitsev (Odessa, Ukraine)
EDITOR'S PREFACE This "paper form" of the Black Sea Red Data book is not an exact copy of its predecessor, the Black Sea Red Data web site. In addition to polishing the language and style, I added a number of illustrations, and some distribution maps were also redrawn. Contentwise, I was struck by the high level of commitment of the numerous scientists associated with this project. Inevitably, there were differences in approach and in the level of thoroughness between contributions. By far the most detailed species sheets were those contributed by the ornithologists, while some of the most synthetic ones were found among the botanical entries. I tried to conserve as much of the original flavour as I could, yet also aimed at harmonising contributions as far as feasible, and this was certainly the case for such formal aspects as styling of the references, including details of punctuation. The practice of numbering was abandoned in favour of an alphabetical system. While I welcome the initiative of including some terrestrial groups that populate the littoral fringe of the Black Sea, I did have some problems with the choice of species in certain cases. For example, it is not because a species is rare in Bulgaria or Romania, that it should also be endangered in the rest of the Black Sea fringe. In the case of the aquatic insects belonging to the Odonata, I therefore had to widen the scope of some items listed in the book to what lives along the south and east margins of the Sea, and I included a number of previously unlisted subspecies. This, the vicariance and the formation of clines with a various degree of steepness of closely related taxa around the basin, is one of the most exciting aspects of the living world of the Black Sea fringe. Even so, I regret the selection of particular species of insects and plants, and the omission of others since, in addition to the aspect I just stressed, there is a concentration of endemics in the south-east corner of the basin, where Caucasian biota with very narrow ranges occur down to sea-level. Among dragonflies, I may cite Coenagrion ponticum and Cordulegaster mzymtae as examples. I did not explicitely add them to the list, but inserted a brief note on them in the section dealing with Calopteryx virgo feminalis, which is yet another representative of this category. There are doubtlessly many plants in the same category, and hence, the contents of a future Red Data book of the Black Sea should be revised in light of this reality. Finally, I encountered some problems with the taxonomic nomenclature used. Some taxa were listed under names that are widely considered to be junior synonyms or otherwise unvalid. In all instances where I stumbled upon such a case (and without claiming to have conducted an exhaustive search), I took the responsability of replacing it by the binomen that is currently regarded as valid. For the botanical part, I was privileged to receive expert help from my colleague Prof. P. Goetghebeur, to whom I here extend my greatest thanks. Henri J. Dumont Ghent, June 1999 2
Page 3: The designation employed and the pr
Page 7 and 8: The preparation of the Regional Lis
Page 9 and 10: The book was written in English. Th
Page 11 and 12: information: Category of the specie
Page 13 and 14: -Taxon endangered (EN) - a taxon wh
Page 15 and 16: -Mammals - 15 species (9 species in
Page 17 and 18: published in February 1997. It is a
Page 19 and 20: Synonyms: None Allium guttatum Stev
Page 21 and 22: Asparagus brachyphyllus Turczaninov
Page 23 and 24: Asparagus litoralis Steven, 1857 Sy
Page 25 and 26: Astrodaucus Uttoralis Prude, 1898 S
Page 27 and 28: Biology. Reproduction is by seeds a
Page 29 and 30: Distribution, Habitat type, Critica
Page 31 and 32: Calystegia soldanella (Linnaeus) R.
Page 33 and 34: Luks, Y. A., L. A. Privalova & I. V
Page 35 and 36: Biology. Flowering during Fruit-bea
Page 37 and 38: Threats. Draining of wetlands, crea
Page 41 and 42: Crambe pontica Stev. ex Rupr., 1869
Page 43 and 44: Cystoseira barbota (Good. & Wood, 1
Page 45 and 46: Bologa, A. S., 1987-88. Annotated b
Page 49 and 50: Dictiota dichotoma (Lamour, 1809) S
Page 51 and 52: Elymus pycnanthus (Godron) Melderis
Page 53 and 54: Synonyms: None. Ephedra distachya (
Page 55 and 56:
Synonyms: Arenaria cephalotes Bieb.
Page 57 and 58:
Synonyms: None Eryngium maritimum L
Page 59 and 60:
Euphorbia paralias Linnaeus, 1753 S
Page 61 and 62:
zapovednoy okhrany (Catalogue of Ra
Page 63 and 64:
Conservation measures proposed. Cre
Page 65 and 66:
Distribution, Habitat type, Critica
Page 67 and 68:
Conservation measures taken. Includ
Page 69 and 70:
Biology. Flowering during V-VII, fr
Page 71 and 72:
Biology. An annual or perennial her
Page 73 and 74:
Threats. Destruction of its locatio
Page 75 and 76:
Biology. Flowering and fruit-bearin
Page 77 and 78:
only localities in the Crimea). Lim
Page 79 and 80:
Synonyms: None Nymphoidespeltata S.
Page 81 and 82:
Synonyms: None Ornithogalum refract
Page 83 and 84:
Synonyms: None. Pancratium maritimu
Page 85 and 86:
Parapholis incurva (Linnaeus) C.E.H
Page 87 and 88:
Rubtsov, N. I. (Ed.), 1972. Opredel
Page 89 and 90:
IUCN Status World level: Black Sea
Page 91 and 92:
Phyllophora nervosa (P.C. Grev., 18
Page 93 and 94:
Katukov, A. B., 1983. Phyllophora v
Page 95 and 96:
Distribution. Mostly in the north-w
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Conservation measures proposed. Cre
Page 101 and 102:
Conservation measures taken. One of
Page 103 and 104:
Conservation measures taken. None.
Page 105 and 106:
Threats. Changes in the water regim
Page 107 and 108:
Conservation measures taken. The sp
Page 109 and 110:
Seeds have good germination power (
Page 111 and 112:
Synonyms: None. Zostera marina (Lin
Page 113 and 114:
Synonyms: Zostera nana Roth. Zoster
Page 115 and 116:
PART II. ANIMALS Acipenser gtildens
Page 117 and 118:
Adoption of strict national measure
Page 119 and 120:
Biology. A migratory, anadromous sp
Page 121 and 122:
Aidablennius sphynx Valenciennes, 1
Page 123 and 124:
Synonyms: Anax imperator Leach, 181
Page 125 and 126:
Beschovski, V., 1964b. Odonata (Dra
Page 127 and 128:
Biology. Well adapted to the surfac
Page 129 and 130:
eggs and is incubated for 28-29 day
Page 131 and 132:
Aporrhais pespelecani (Linnaeus, 17
Page 133 and 134:
Apseudopsis ostroumovi Bacescu & Ca
Page 135 and 136:
Synonyms: Ardea ralloides. Ardeola
Page 137 and 138:
Aythya nyroca Guldenstadt, 1770 Syn
Page 139 and 140:
Betone betone euxini (Günther, 189
Page 141 and 142:
References Banarascu, P., 1964. Pis
Page 143 and 144:
Population trends. Declining. Threa
Page 145 and 146:
macrophyte fauna of the Romanian Bl
Page 147 and 148:
Population trends. Before 1940, fou
Page 149 and 150:
Threats. Cattle-grazing, pollution
Page 151 and 152:
abundance recorded north of Cape Ma
Page 153 and 154:
migration from September to early O
Page 155 and 156:
Synonyms: Callionymus risso Le Sueu
Page 157 and 158:
Calopteryx splendens - complex Syno
Page 159 and 160:
Conservation measures taken. Some o
Page 161 and 162:
Calopteryx virgo - complex Synonyms
Page 163 and 164:
References Bartenef, A. N., 1912. D
Page 165 and 166:
Sea; in the Atlantic known to occur
Page 167 and 168:
Synonyms: None. Common names: None.
Page 169 and 170:
Chaetogammarus ischnus major (Stebl
Page 171 and 172:
Chromogobius quadrivittatus Steinda
Page 173 and 174:
Ciconia nigra Linnaeus, 1758 Synony
Page 175 and 176:
similar. Often the two species gath
Page 177 and 178:
Clupeonella cultriventris Nordmann,
Page 179 and 180:
Synonyms: None. Common names. None.
Page 181 and 182:
Colpocyclops longispinosus (Monchen
Page 183 and 184:
Synonyms: None. Conger conger (Linn
Page 185 and 186:
Coryphoblennius galerita (Linnaeus,
Page 187 and 188:
Delphinus delphis Linnaeus, 1758 Sy
Page 189 and 190:
cases of dolphins entangled in pela
Page 191 and 192:
Dikerogammarus vilosus (Sovinskii,
Page 193 and 194:
Diogenes pugilator (Roux, 1828) Syn
Page 195 and 196:
Diplodus annularis Linnaeus, 1758 S
Page 197 and 198:
Donacilla cornea (Poli, 1791) Synon
Page 199 and 200:
Epallage fatime (Charpentier, 1840)
Page 201 and 202:
Dumont, H. J. A review of the drago
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Falco cherrug (Gray, 1834) Synonyms
Page 207 and 208:
References Ardamatzkaia, T. B. & A.
Page 209 and 210:
irds occur throughout the area: on
Page 211 and 212:
Felis silvestris Schreber, 1777 Syn
Page 213 and 214:
Synonyms: None Glareola nordmanni N
Page 215 and 216:
Glareola pratincola (Linnaeus, 1758
Page 217 and 218:
Gobius bucchichi Steindachner, 1870
Page 219 and 220:
Gobius cobitis (Pallas, 1811) Synon
Page 221 and 222:
Synonyms: None Grus grus Linnaeus,
Page 223 and 224:
References Grinchenko, A .B., 1987.
Page 225 and 226:
small molluscs and copepods along t
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
on the large basins in the Romanian
Page 231 and 232:
Hörig, H., 1986. Seeadlerbestand w
Page 233 and 234:
Threats. Turbidity in shallow zones
Page 235 and 236:
Biology. A euryhaline organism, liv
Page 237 and 238:
Synonyms: None. Hemimysis serrata (
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Synonyms: Himantopus himantopus Lin
Page 243 and 244:
Hippocampus guttulatus microstephan
Page 245 and 246:
Hydroprogne caspia (Pallas, 1770) S
Page 247 and 248:
Synonyms: None Iphigenella acanthop
Page 249 and 250:
Iphigenella andrussovi (Sars, 1896)
Page 251 and 252:
Polischuk, V. V., 1994. Iphigenella
Page 253 and 254:
Population trends. Stable in the re
Page 255 and 256:
Threats. Silty lower river reaches;
Page 257 and 258:
Conservation measures proposed. Inc
Page 259 and 260:
Conservation measures proposed. Inc
Page 261 and 262:
Threats. Breakdown of the hydrochem
Page 263 and 264:
coast of the Black Sea; also in the
Page 265 and 266:
Lutra lutra Linnaeus, 1758 Synonyms
Page 267 and 268:
International Conventions for biodi
Page 269 and 270:
Population trends. Abundant in the
Page 271 and 272:
Threats. Sand dredging, trawling. C
Page 273 and 274:
Mergus serrator of Black Sea origin
Page 275 and 276:
May for reproduction (at 6 °C); re
Page 277 and 278:
Moerisia maeotica (Ostroumov, 1896)
Page 279 and 280:
Opredelitel fauny Chernogo i Azovsk
Page 281 and 282:
individuals still live between Zong
Page 283 and 284:
23 °C. First reproduction at the a
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Biology. Reproduction from March to
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Threats. Human disturbance, hunting
Page 293 and 294:
Population trends. Unknown. Threats
Page 295 and 296:
acteria and Infusoria. The female l
Page 297 and 298:
Biology. A typical contourobiont in
Page 299 and 300:
Biology. A sedentary sestonophage.
Page 301 and 302:
Pachygrapsus marmoratus Fabricius,
Page 303 and 304:
Bacescu M., G. I. Muller, M-T Gomoi
Page 305 and 306:
Biology. A vegetarian, browsing on
Page 307 and 308:
frequent are floating nests near op
Page 309 and 310:
the Azov-Black Sea area (lakes of t
Page 311 and 312:
Synonyms: Phalacrocorax albus Tray
Page 313 and 314:
Phocoena phocoena Linnaeus, 1758 Sy
Page 315 and 316:
coasts, single animals and small gr
Page 317 and 318:
Pilumnus hirtellus Linnaeus, 1758 S
Page 319 and 320:
Borcea, I., 1926. Données sommaire
Page 321 and 322:
Fledging at the age of 50-55 days.
Page 323 and 324:
Plegadis falcinellus Linnaeus, 1766
Page 325 and 326:
Pomatoschistus minutus (Pallas, 177
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
Potamon tauricum Czerniavsky, 1884
Page 331 and 332:
Makarov, Y. M., 1994. Prisnovodny k
Page 333 and 334:
Biology. Reproduction: April-May. E
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Black Sea coast in late September-e
Page 339 and 340:
Krivenko, V., 1983. Krasnazobaia ka
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 Syn
Page 345 and 346:
Radu, G., E. Leonte, G., Butoi, F.
Page 347 and 348:
littoral areas of the north-western
Page 349 and 350:
Habitat type, Critical habitats, Li
Page 351 and 352:
Threats. Overfishing, illegal fishi
Page 353 and 354:
Population trends. After 1970, very
Page 355 and 356:
Breeding density can be up to 5 nes
Page 357 and 358:
Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758) Syn
Page 359 and 360:
Symphodus ocellatus (Forsskal, 1775
Page 361 and 362:
Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) Sy
Page 363 and 364:
Synonyms: None. Syngnatus tenuirost
Page 365 and 366:
Syngnathus typhle (Linnaeus, 1758)
Page 367 and 368:
Tado ma ferruginea (Pallas, 1764) S
Page 369 and 370:
Thunnus thynnus Linnaeus, 1758 Syno
Page 371 and 372:
FAO, 1973. Species identification s
Page 373 and 374:
Page 375 and 376:
Biology. Feeds mainly on crustacean
Page 377 and 378:
Crimea in autumn, but migratory rou
Page 379 and 380:
(Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol.2
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
Uranoscopus scaber (Linnaeus, 1758)
Page 385 and 386:
Xantho poressa (Qlivii, 1792) Synon
Page 387 and 388:
Synonyms: Xiphias gladius Gunther,
Page 389 and 390:
Zosterisessor ophiocephalus Pallas,
Page 391 and 392:
References Abuladze, A., 1993. The
Page 393 and 394:
Bacescu, M., G. I. Muller & M. T. G
Page 395 and 396:
Borcea, L, 1926-1927. Note sur les
Page 397 and 398:
Davis P. H., 1965-1985. Flora of Tu
Page 399 and 400:
Gomoiu, M.-T., 1976. Ecological stu
Page 401 and 402:
Karapetkova, M., 1985. Red book of
Page 403 and 404:
Lebedeva, M., 1979. Migracii chemog
Page 405 and 406:
Monchenko, V. I., 1978. The allocat
Page 407 and 408:
Polischuk, V. V., 1994. Iphigenella
Page 409 and 410:
Sabinevskii, B. & T. Ardamatskaia,
Page 411 and 412:
Svetovidov, A. N. 1964. Ryby Cherno
Page 413 and 414:
Vulff, E.W., 1951. Flora Kryma. Tom
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