black sea red data book - Department of Biology

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Distribution, Habitat type, Critical habitats, Limiting factors. A pelagic species; immature specimens found in warm waters only, adults also enter cold waters in search of food. Present throughout the Mediterranean and Black Sea; common mainly along the North African coasts, from Gibraltar to Libya, off the coasts of Spain and France, around Sicily and Sardinia, in the Bosphorus and the Black Sea. Also widely distributed in the Atlantic Ocean, extending as far north as Newfoundland, the northern coasts of Norway, Lofoten Islands and Iceland. Threatened by pollution of the Sea of Marmara and by lack of food. Biology. A fast swimming species, known to perform transoceanic migrations. The young form schools, sometimes together with other scombroids of similar size. Enters the Black Sea in spring, staying here till October-November; at the end of summer it spawns pelagic eggs; a voracious predator, eating all sorts of fish, crustaceans and cephalopods. Population trends. A large reduction in stocks, up to a disappearance. On the Romanian littoral, the species has not been found for the last three decades. No catches on the Turkish coasts for in the last five years. Threats. Pollution. Conservation measures taken. None. Conservation measures proposed. Fight pollution. References Akyuz, E. & I. Artuz, 1957. Some observations on the biology of tuna (Thunnus thynnus) caught in Turkish waters. GFCM Proc. Tech. Pap. 4 (14): 93-97. 369
FAO, 1973. Species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Mediterranean and Black Sea, fishing area 37. Rome. Ozturk, B. & A. A. Ozturk, 1996. On the biology of the Turkish straits system. Bull. Inst, oceanograph. Monaco, CDZSM Science Series 17 (2). Radu, G., E. Leonte, G. Butoi, F. Verioti, A. Gorban & E. Radu, 1996. Principalele specii de pesti si mamifere din Marea Neagra (Determinator). (Main fish and mammal species from the Black Sea) (Identification sheets). RMRI Constantsa, (in Romanian). Compiled by G. Radu, F. Verioti & B. Ozturk 370
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The designation employed and the pr
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EDITOR'S PREFACE This "paper form"
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The preparation of the Regional Lis
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The book was written in English. Th
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information: Category of the specie
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-Taxon endangered (EN) - a taxon wh
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-Mammals - 15 species (9 species in
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published in February 1997. It is a
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Synonyms: None Allium guttatum Stev
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Asparagus brachyphyllus Turczaninov
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Asparagus litoralis Steven, 1857 Sy
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Astrodaucus Uttoralis Prude, 1898 S
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Biology. Reproduction is by seeds a
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Distribution, Habitat type, Critica
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Calystegia soldanella (Linnaeus) R.
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Luks, Y. A., L. A. Privalova & I. V
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Biology. Flowering during Fruit-bea
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Threats. Draining of wetlands, crea
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Crambe pontica Stev. ex Rupr., 1869
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Cystoseira barbota (Good. & Wood, 1
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Bologa, A. S., 1987-88. Annotated b
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Dictiota dichotoma (Lamour, 1809) S
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Elymus pycnanthus (Godron) Melderis
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Synonyms: None. Ephedra distachya (
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Synonyms: Arenaria cephalotes Bieb.
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Synonyms: None Eryngium maritimum L
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Euphorbia paralias Linnaeus, 1753 S
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zapovednoy okhrany (Catalogue of Ra
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Conservation measures proposed. Cre
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Conservation measures taken. Includ
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Biology. Flowering during V-VII, fr
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Biology. An annual or perennial her
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Threats. Destruction of its locatio
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Biology. Flowering and fruit-bearin
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only localities in the Crimea). Lim
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Synonyms: None Nymphoidespeltata S.
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Synonyms: None Ornithogalum refract
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Synonyms: None. Pancratium maritimu
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Parapholis incurva (Linnaeus) C.E.H
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Rubtsov, N. I. (Ed.), 1972. Opredel
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IUCN Status World level: Black Sea
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Phyllophora nervosa (P.C. Grev., 18
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Katukov, A. B., 1983. Phyllophora v
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Distribution. Mostly in the north-w
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Conservation measures proposed. Cre
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Conservation measures taken. One of
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Conservation measures taken. None.
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Threats. Changes in the water regim
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Conservation measures taken. The sp
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Seeds have good germination power (
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Synonyms: None. Zostera marina (Lin
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Synonyms: Zostera nana Roth. Zoster
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PART II. ANIMALS Acipenser gtildens
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Adoption of strict national measure
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Biology. A migratory, anadromous sp
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Aidablennius sphynx Valenciennes, 1
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Synonyms: Anax imperator Leach, 181
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Beschovski, V., 1964b. Odonata (Dra
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Biology. Well adapted to the surfac
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eggs and is incubated for 28-29 day
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Aporrhais pespelecani (Linnaeus, 17
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Apseudopsis ostroumovi Bacescu & Ca
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Synonyms: Ardea ralloides. Ardeola
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Aythya nyroca Guldenstadt, 1770 Syn
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Betone betone euxini (Günther, 189
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References Banarascu, P., 1964. Pis
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Population trends. Declining. Threa
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macrophyte fauna of the Romanian Bl
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Population trends. Before 1940, fou
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Threats. Cattle-grazing, pollution
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abundance recorded north of Cape Ma
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migration from September to early O
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Synonyms: Callionymus risso Le Sueu
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Calopteryx splendens - complex Syno
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Conservation measures taken. Some o
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Calopteryx virgo - complex Synonyms
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References Bartenef, A. N., 1912. D
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Sea; in the Atlantic known to occur
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Synonyms: None. Common names: None.
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Chaetogammarus ischnus major (Stebl
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Chromogobius quadrivittatus Steinda
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Ciconia nigra Linnaeus, 1758 Synony
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similar. Often the two species gath
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Clupeonella cultriventris Nordmann,
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Synonyms: None. Common names. None.
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Colpocyclops longispinosus (Monchen
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Synonyms: None. Conger conger (Linn
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Coryphoblennius galerita (Linnaeus,
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Delphinus delphis Linnaeus, 1758 Sy
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cases of dolphins entangled in pela
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Dikerogammarus vilosus (Sovinskii,
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Diogenes pugilator (Roux, 1828) Syn
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Diplodus annularis Linnaeus, 1758 S
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Donacilla cornea (Poli, 1791) Synon
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Epallage fatime (Charpentier, 1840)
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Dumont, H. J. A review of the drago
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Falco cherrug (Gray, 1834) Synonyms
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References Ardamatzkaia, T. B. & A.
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irds occur throughout the area: on
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Felis silvestris Schreber, 1777 Syn
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Synonyms: None Glareola nordmanni N
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Glareola pratincola (Linnaeus, 1758
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Gobius bucchichi Steindachner, 1870
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Gobius cobitis (Pallas, 1811) Synon
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Synonyms: None Grus grus Linnaeus,
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References Grinchenko, A .B., 1987.
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small molluscs and copepods along t
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on the large basins in the Romanian
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Hörig, H., 1986. Seeadlerbestand w
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Threats. Turbidity in shallow zones
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Biology. A euryhaline organism, liv
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Synonyms: None. Hemimysis serrata (
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Synonyms: None. Common names: None.
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Synonyms: Himantopus himantopus Lin
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Hippocampus guttulatus microstephan
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Hydroprogne caspia (Pallas, 1770) S
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Synonyms: None Iphigenella acanthop
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Iphigenella andrussovi (Sars, 1896)
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Polischuk, V. V., 1994. Iphigenella
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Population trends. Stable in the re
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Threats. Silty lower river reaches;
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Conservation measures proposed. Inc
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Conservation measures proposed. Inc
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Threats. Breakdown of the hydrochem
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coast of the Black Sea; also in the
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Lutra lutra Linnaeus, 1758 Synonyms
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International Conventions for biodi
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Population trends. Abundant in the
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Threats. Sand dredging, trawling. C
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Mergus serrator of Black Sea origin
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May for reproduction (at 6 °C); re
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Moerisia maeotica (Ostroumov, 1896)
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Opredelitel fauny Chernogo i Azovsk
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individuals still live between Zong
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23 °C. First reproduction at the a
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Population trends. Declining. Threa
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Biology. Reproduction from March to
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Threats. Human disturbance, hunting
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Population trends. Unknown. Threats
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acteria and Infusoria. The female l
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Biology. A typical contourobiont in
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Biology. A sedentary sestonophage.
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Pachygrapsus marmoratus Fabricius,
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Bacescu M., G. I. Muller, M-T Gomoi
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Biology. A vegetarian, browsing on
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frequent are floating nests near op
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the Azov-Black Sea area (lakes of t
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Synonyms: Phalacrocorax albus Tray
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Phocoena phocoena Linnaeus, 1758 Sy
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coasts, single animals and small gr
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Pilumnus hirtellus Linnaeus, 1758 S
Page 319 and 320: Borcea, I., 1926. Données sommaire
Page 321 and 322: Fledging at the age of 50-55 days.
Page 323 and 324: Plegadis falcinellus Linnaeus, 1766
Page 325 and 326: Pomatoschistus minutus (Pallas, 177
Page 327 and 328: Synonyms: None. Common names: None.
Page 329 and 330: Potamon tauricum Czerniavsky, 1884
Page 331 and 332: Makarov, Y. M., 1994. Prisnovodny k
Page 333 and 334: Biology. Reproduction: April-May. E
Page 335 and 336: Conservation measures taken. None.
Page 337 and 338: Black Sea coast in late September-e
Page 339 and 340: Krivenko, V., 1983. Krasnazobaia ka
Page 341 and 342: Distribution, Habitat type, Critica
Page 343 and 344: Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 Syn
Page 345 and 346: Radu, G., E. Leonte, G., Butoi, F.
Page 347 and 348: littoral areas of the north-western
Page 349 and 350: Habitat type, Critical habitats, Li
Page 351 and 352: Threats. Overfishing, illegal fishi
Page 353 and 354: Population trends. After 1970, very
Page 355 and 356: Breeding density can be up to 5 nes
Page 357 and 358: Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758) Syn
Page 359 and 360: Symphodus ocellatus (Forsskal, 1775
Page 361 and 362: Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) Sy
Page 363 and 364: Synonyms: None. Syngnatus tenuirost
Page 365 and 366: Syngnathus typhle (Linnaeus, 1758)
Page 367 and 368: Tado ma ferruginea (Pallas, 1764) S
Page 369: Thunnus thynnus Linnaeus, 1758 Syno
Page 373 and 374: Population trends. Declining. Threa
Page 375 and 376: Biology. Feeds mainly on crustacean
Page 377 and 378: Crimea in autumn, but migratory rou
Page 379 and 380: (Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol.2
Page 381 and 382: Distribution, Habitat type, Critica
Page 383 and 384: Uranoscopus scaber (Linnaeus, 1758)
Page 385 and 386: Xantho poressa (Qlivii, 1792) Synon
Page 387 and 388: Synonyms: Xiphias gladius Gunther,
Page 389 and 390: Zosterisessor ophiocephalus Pallas,
Page 391 and 392: References Abuladze, A., 1993. The
Page 393 and 394: Bacescu, M., G. I. Muller & M. T. G
Page 395 and 396: Borcea, L, 1926-1927. Note sur les
Page 397 and 398: Davis P. H., 1965-1985. Flora of Tu
Page 399 and 400: Gomoiu, M.-T., 1976. Ecological stu
Page 401 and 402: Karapetkova, M., 1985. Red book of
Page 403 and 404: Lebedeva, M., 1979. Migracii chemog
Page 405 and 406: Monchenko, V. I., 1978. The allocat
Page 407 and 408: Polischuk, V. V., 1994. Iphigenella
Page 409 and 410: Sabinevskii, B. & T. Ardamatskaia,
Page 411 and 412: Svetovidov, A. N. 1964. Ryby Cherno
Page 413 and 414: Vulff, E.W., 1951. Flora Kryma. Tom
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