La pedra en sec. Materials, eines i tècniques tradicionals a les illes ...

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: 5 5.11 THE WORK
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tfJfj Sam~f1~ight.
· "Levelling off"; even though the stones
are of different sizes, they all
finish at the same height and thus
form a very flat surface.
· "Corona" (top row, also called levelled,
chained or crowned. Under this
topping off system, stones of the
same height and with more or less
rectangular faces are used and are
laid after levelling. If the stones are
slabs, they are normally laid flat or in
a row, whereas if they are prismatic
shaped stones they are normally placed
on end. A not very thick layer of
earth is spread on top of the levelled
surface on which the top row is seated
and which is laid straight at a finger's
breadth behind the levelled surface.
The stones in the top row are usually
larger than the stones in the rest of
the wall so that their weight stops the
smaller stones from moving especially
when people walk along the
top.
The fact that some terrace walls have
two or three superimposed top rows
is due to the wall being built up,
sometimes as a result of the need to
increase its height in areas where the
soil tends to slide down the hillside.
· "Filada Cabrera" (goatherd row); the
stones in the top row are placed so
that they jut out over the rest of the
wall. This system is usually used in
walls and in some terrace walls.
There are two topping off systems
particular to boundary walls: "esquena
d'ase" (the donkey's back) and the
"esquena de cavall" (or horse's back)
which is semicircular.
Tools required
Stop, punch, square hammer, small
stone hammer, large stone hammer,
bevel square, triangular hoe and twohandled
basket.
I SQn~Q Q9P tipUQ dQ mgulmito.t, 1M
pedres amb les que s'acaba el mur
no estan anivellades.
· Rasant, tot i que les pedres son de
diferents dimensions, estan anivellades
i formen aixi un pia ben definit.
· Filada de dalt, tambe anomenada
igualada, encadenat 0 corona. En
aquest tipus d'acabat s'utilitzen
pedres de la mateixa algaria i de cara
mes 0 manco rectangular que se
situen despres de la rasant. Si la formen
Iloses, aques-tes solen
col·locar-se de pia 0 en rastell; si son
peces de pedra de forma prismatica
solen posar-se de fil. Damunt la
rasant s'escampa una capa de terra
no gaire gruixuda sobre la qual s'assenta
la filada de dalt que es col·loca
replomant i a un dit enrera de la
rasant.
Les dimensions de les peces de la
filada de dalt solen ser majors que
les de la resta del parament, de tal
manera que el pes impedeixi que les
pedres petites es moguin i que quan
hi caminin per damunt es desplacin.
L'existencia de marges amb dues 0
tres filades de dalt superposades
s'explica per un creixement del mur
provocat, a vegades, per la necessitat
d'augmentar I'algaria del mur en
indrets on la terra va lIiscant.
· Filada cabrera, les pedres de la filada
de dalt es col·loquen de forma
que sobresurtin respecte de la resta
del parament. Sol estar relacionada
amb les parets i alguns marges.
Dins les parets de delimitacio existeixen
dues formes propies d'aquests
tipus d'elements: I'esquena d'ase i el
mig punt 0 esquena de cavall.
Eines necessaries
Tope, punx6, maceta, martell de
punta petit, martell de punta gras,
capserrat, cavec i senalla.