How does the operation of PHARMAC's 'Community Exceptional ...

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Hadorn, D. C. (2006). An ethical framework for PHARMAC’s Subsidy Decisions on High-Cost Pharmaceuticals. Retrieved from http://www.pharmac.govt.nz/2006/12/15/HCMR4.pdf 13 March 2007 Hall, M. A. (1994). The problems with rule based rationing. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 19, 315-332. Ham, C. (2009). Health Policy in Britain. New York: Pelgrave McMillan. Ham, C., & Coulter, A. (Eds.). (2000). Introduction : International Experience of Rationing (or Priority Setting). (Eds. in The Global Challenge of Health Care Rationing). Buckingham: Open University Press. Hamilton, C. (2003). Growth Fetish. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin. Hasman, A., & Østerdal, L. P. (2004). Equal value of life and the Pareto Principle. Economics and Philosophy, 20, 19-33. doi: 10.1017/S0266267104001270 Health-Reforms-2001-Research-Team. (2003). Interim Report on Health Reforms 2001 Research Project (p. 80). Wellington: Health Services Research Centre, Victoria University Wellington. Health Select Committee of NZ Parliament. (2000). New Zealand Public Health and Disability Bill. As reported back by Judy Keal Chair of the Health Committee. Wellington.: NZ Parliamentary Library. Helco, H. (1974). Modern Social Politics in Britain and Sweden. New Haven, : Yale University Press. Higgins, J., & Ruddle, S. (1991). Waiting for a better alternative. Health Service Journal, July 11, 18-19. Hoffenberg, R. (1994). Doctors and society--the Biko Lecture. South Afrrican Medical Journal., 84(5), 245-249. 294
Holt, S., Harwood, M., Aldington, S., & Beasley, R. (2005). PHARMAC and tobacco control in New Zealand: Government policy 'up in smoke'. [Viewpoint]. New Zealand Medical Journal, 118(1216). Honderich, T. (1995). The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press (p. 436). Hope, T., Reynolds, J., & Griffiths, S. (2002). Rationing Decisions: Integrating Cost-Effectiveness With Other Values. In R. Rhodes, M. P. Battin & A. Silvers (Eds.), Medicine and social justice : essays on the distribution of health care (p. 144-155). Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press. Hope, T., Spriggins, D., & Chrisp, R. (1993). ‘Not clinically indicated’ Patients interests of resource allocation? British Medical Journal, 306, 379-381. doi: 10.1136/bmj.306.6874.379 Hornblow, A. (1997). New Zealand health reforms: a clash of cultures. British Medical Journal, 314(1892). Hurst, S. A., Slowther, A., Forde, R., Pegoraro, R., Reiter-Theil, S., Perrier, A., Garrett-Mayer, E., & Danis, M. (2006). Prevalance and Determinants of Physician Bedside Rationing. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21, 1138-1143. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00551.x Jackson, K. (2006). Parliament. In Miller R (Ed.), New Zealand Government and Politics (Vol. 4th Edition, p. 161-173, ). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kein, R., & Williams, A. (1998). Setting Priorities: What is holding us back- inadequate information of indaequate institutions? Paper presented at the International Conference on Priorities in Health Care, Stockholm. Kelly, E. (2003). Justice as fairness; a restatement - John Rawls (3 ed. Vol. 1 ). Boston Belknap Harvard p.18. 295
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How does the operation of PHARMAC
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Applying the Test-Questions .......
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Appendix 9: Analysis of Material Re
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List of Abbreviations ABS Australia
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Attestation of Authorship I hereby
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I gratefully acknowledge Major Camp
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Abstract This thesis explores how g
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Chapter 1: Introduction What is thi
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making? Should a person’s level o
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there is no mathematical calculatio
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health, disability, treatment of ol
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I then moved to the subject of rati
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In Chapter 3, New Zealand’s past
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Chapter 2: Background Introduction
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The following journals have no auto
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Technological and pharmaceutical di
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in every sense, and attenuates the
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waiting time for first (or subseque
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Macro-Level Distributions Macro-lev
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(2000) in a report for the Ministry
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level, too many to discuss here. On
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effectiveness of treatment. However
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surgical treatment for ectopic preg
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In a study conducted by the Commonw
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They claim that health inequities c
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these presentations are correct, th
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waiting list for patient priority.
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care within finite resources. The c
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to pay for this co-operation. In 20
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Other results showed that 81% of th
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may be grounds for litigation. Henc
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determine if decisions on the appli
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Chapter 4: Philosophical Framework
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extra person with a good or service
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just actions by individuals. The th
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among the members of the society, a
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example of well off and powerful pe
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necessarily much advantaged over a
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among individuals and communities.
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needs. This was because distinguish
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systematic and transparent. In her
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why PHARMAC would subsidise unecono
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parents refusing treatment for thei
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The first two test-questions covere
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There was no clarity provided by th
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good may be served by their not rec
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Evans (2003) ranked the various typ
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The Use of the Test-Questions in Th
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Qualitative research methods were d
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equirements and considerable politi
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material and by working through the
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and printed copies of Hansard are a
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PHARMAC was criticised in 16 of the
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I tried to find an interviewee from
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The flow of discussion in the inter
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that the disclosure is commercially
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6. Producing the report The final o
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The following tables outline the no
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Table 3: Tree Nodes Used in NVivo A
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At this point, I stopped using NViv
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Chapter 6: Research Findings Introd
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DHBs were given the role of funding
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These measures were in response to
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Table 5: The Submitters to the Heal
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towards New Zealand and for them to
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monopolies as such. In their opinio
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for the delivery of such services (
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NCWNZ that S42(a) of the Bill, requ
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contentious among Maori Iwi. Any Ma
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Dugdale further advised that if non
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cumbersome and recommended that PHA
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following text, I have individually
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Herceptin. The plaintiffs forwarded
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the treatment of cancer in the DHB
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eligible people in New Zealand and
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confirmation that the DHB hospital
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the eight women involved in this ca
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the plaintiffs adequate opportunity
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Judge’s Concluding Remarks The fi
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A Selection of the Media Stories Ca
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Case 4: “Worn out by endless figh
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Case 6: “PHARMAC scolded for MS-d
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The drug to treat Pompe’s Disease
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The Voice of Patients and Family Me
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Sclerosis Society did this three ti
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was suffering would not pass the ra
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Eight of the twelve persons approac
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Part II: The Key Informant Intervie
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agreed this was done. Secondly, PHA
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the pharmaceutical schedule. The or
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No we have never thought that $3 mi
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Insights were given as to the indep
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and Now some people can say that’
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Q Be a voice for the family? A Yes,
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key issue here. Some clinicians wer
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I deeply suspect that Community Exc
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should be developing the capacity o
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make. And so PHARMAC has been a hug
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and PHARMAC is not above rationing
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This case demonstrated that the cos
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and budget management. It says this
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Q Do you recall the Kaletra issues
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Q Can I ask you about PHARMAC’s c
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….successfully…for things espec
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This was also done for the hard cop
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The Ministry of Health could not lo
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consultation documents which relate
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The following information was recei
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with the application. The discharge
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Again no report was attached from t
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The patient was also prescribed pre
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circumstances described were not su
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treatment was not unusual and the c
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their clinical circumstances would
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Theme 1. Theme 2. Theme 3. Theme 4.
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Chapter 7: Discussion Introduction
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the intellectual property to recove
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The use of QALY’s was tested in t
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Test-Question 2 “Is this distribu
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claimants (and unsuccessful drug co
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(2011-2012) in an open and transpar
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The cost-utility analysis system ha
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Another form of decision making use
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discuss how (or if) PHARMAC meets t
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Test-question 4 also raises the pro
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when there is no profound evidence
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for example value for money, equity
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Community Exceptional Circumstances
Page 257 and 258: Interferon available to a limited n
Page 259 and 260: challenges are multiple: to identif
Page 261 and 262: The data from the research showed h
Page 263 and 264: PHARMAC could be more open about st
Page 265 and 266: Chapter 8: Conclusions Introduction
Page 267 and 268: Limitations to the Research The ite
Page 269 and 270: There is no one set of indefeasible
Page 271 and 272: to alcohol and drug treatment or th
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Page 275 and 276: utilitarian principles of attemptin
Page 277 and 278: stand up to the same rigorous clini
Page 279 and 280: Appendices: Appendix 1: Ethics Appr
Page 281 and 282: Appendix 2: Key Informant Participa
Page 283 and 284: Appendix 3: Key Informant Consent F
Page 285 and 286: Appendix 4: Sample Interview Questi
Page 287 and 288: Appendix 5: OIA Request Greg Coyle
Page 289 and 290: Appendix 6: OIA Response from PHARM
Page 291 and 292: Appendix 7: Community Exceptional C
Page 293 and 294: 279
Page 295 and 296: 281
Page 297 and 298: 283
Page 299 and 300: Appendix 8: Community Exceptional C
Page 301 and 302: Ashton, T., & St John, S. (2008). N
Page 303 and 304: Cohen, G. A. (2008). Rescuing Justi
Page 305 and 306: Dew, K., Cumming, J., McLeod, D., M
Page 307: Glubb, N. (2011). Official Informat
Page 311 and 312: Lindblom, C. E. (1959). The Science
Page 313 and 314: http://www.moh.govt.nz/moh.nsf/ea60
Page 315 and 316: Cash Flows (Ed.), Government of New
Page 317 and 318: PB/132 National Council of Women of
Page 319 and 320: Romano, C. (2009). Amartya Sen Shak
Page 321 and 322: Swedish Parliamentary Priorities Co
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