CCSAP Report - Ministry of Home Affairs

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community is larger (61.3%) in Telangana. Rayalaseema also has a larger presence of Madiga community. But in the united Andhra Pradesh scenario, the Madiga community strength is somewhat larger (49.2%) compared to Mala and Adi Andhra taken together (42.8%). The Relli group, considered to be the most backward among the SC communities, is present mainly in the coastal Andhra districts only. Figure 7.1 Regional distribution of SC caste groups Source: Generated using Census of India 2001 7.9.04 Developmental differences have emerged among the Malas of coastal Andhra and the Madigas of Telangana due to the separate pre- independence trajectories of the two regions. The Malas shared in the educational development and prosperity brought to the region under British rule (especially through the introduction of education in standard Telugu or in English language) and also from later capitalist development of the region brought about mainly by Kamma castes. Among Malas, those who embraced Christianity (about 60%) are able to avail of reservations by calling themselves Adi-Andhras or declaring themselves under other Dalit categories. The Madigas, especially those 369
in Telangana region suffered economically and educationally under the Nizams and hence remained backward. They are therefore less able to compete with Malas for positions in education and employment. Given the better educational infrastructure in coastal Andhra earlier, the Madigas feel that the Malas have access to much better opportunities in employment and education and are thus able to corner most of the reservation benefits. 7.9.05 The Madigas have been demanding a resumption of the sub- categorization of the SC category, which had been recommended by the Justice Ramachandra Raju Committee and implemented by the state from 2000-2004, during which time the reservation shares of non-Mala castes went up. 18 The Supreme Court upon appeal had overturned the sub-categorization stating that the SC category was an “indivisible homogenous entity”. 19 More recently, the Usha Mehra Commission (2007) has again recommended sub-categorization underlining that it is not unconstitutional and that it would ensure better distribution of reservation benefits. This remains one of the demands of Madigas during the current agitation. 7.9.06 The zonal rules under the Presidential Order apply to Dalit communities and hence Dalits benefit in their own region as far as zonal reservations in employment and education apply. Despite this provision, Malas, Adi Andhra and Adi Dravidas of coastal Andhra, as shown by the Usha Mehra Commission, are well established politically and economically and have received a disproportionate share of reservation benefits. The report concluded that “In the state of Andhra Pradesh, Relli and Madiga together form 50.21% of the Scheduled Castes whereas Mala and its allied castes form 42.78% of the Scheduled Castes, but Mala and its allied castes are enjoying 70% representation in Class I and Class III posts in the State Services.” (para 22) 18 In 2000 the state passed an Act known as the Andhra Pradesh Scheduled Castes (Rationalization of Reservations) Act based on the report by Justice Ramachandra Raju which sub-categorized SCs into fours categories – A,B,C,D. 19 Usha Mehra Committee Report (2007) shows that the presence of Malas was greater in educational institutions and in public employment and that Madigas and others were behind. Malas of coastal Andhra benefited from education during British rule and though many of them (about 60%) converted to Christianity they avail of reservations under the Adi Andhra category. 370
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COMMITTEE FOR CONSULTATIONS ON THE
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VOLUME - I C O N T E N T S Prologue
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2. To look back, Andhra Pradesh was
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APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY The Commit
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The Committee was mandated to submi
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While the first phase included buil
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the Experts / Institutions to condu
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The mandate assign
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Committee is particularly grateful
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Directors, S/Shri Amitabh Kharkwal,
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4.10 Rural and Urban Population 199
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Title Pa
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2.42 Deprivation index across regio
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4.14 Comparison - GDP per capita -
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1.2 Excerpts from the Report of the
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3.11 Regional Universities 156 3.12
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CEA Central Electricity Authority C
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KTPS Kothagudam Thermal Power Stati
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RBI Reserve Bank of India RDS Rajol
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C H A PTER 1 D E V E L OPMENTS IN A
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was set up on July 5, 1954, and was
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egional consciousness but also make
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the more advanced people of the coa
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organization called Vishalandhra Ma
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views on the same were somewhat div
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6. The position of Urdu in the admi
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February, 1956. We have today furth
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services in the area is concerned;
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permanent bench or benches of the H
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Minister. The arrangement of Chief
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Telangana region, which appeared be
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espect thereof. Toward this end, on
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e final and binding on the Council
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grievances when the political situa
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the Central Government to make rule
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appointed for the purpose and the c
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against the ruling of the Andhra Pr
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implementation of the Six Point For
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the same was put to implementation,
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grievances of services. The Andhra
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Report of the second Commission on
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manufacturing and trade, which brin
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contentious for the Government empl
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ecommendations of the One-Man Commi
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MLAs of the Congress from Telangana
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June 7, 2004, mention was made that
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success of the TRS in 2004 to their
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1.5.02 With the situation becoming
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career prospects of the youth and t
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1.5.09 The bye-elections for the tw
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1.5.12 The entire working of the Co
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2 REGIONAL ECONOMIC AND EQUITY ANAL
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2.1.03 The state is divided into th
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Table 2.2: Per Capita DDP Aggregate
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18 16 14 12 10 -2 Percent 8 6 4 2 0
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egion. However, if Hyderabad is inc
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note that the need for agricultural
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Such data for the most recent year
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(See Figure 2.12). Telangana receiv
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which is commendable. Coastal Andhr
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identifies such districts under the
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2.6.09 Motor Vehicular Strength, Ro
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Kms. Kms. Vehicles 25 20 15 10 5 0
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2.7.02 Growth in Irrigation Irrigat
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through canal system, mostly due to
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2.7.06 Changes in Land Productivity
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in case of percentage gross irrigat
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Percent Percent 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
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elatively higher WPR is generally c
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Table 2.6: Workers by level of educ
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egarding employment shares in rural
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only 1045 of which 183 were SCs, 73
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Table 2.7: Distribution of Out of D
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into five categories based on per c
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100 50 -50 -100 -150 60 50 40 30 20
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Table 2.8: Income Inequality (Gini
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A review of MPCE according to caste
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2.14 Social Profile Caste and relig
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2.15 Summary and Discussion 2.15.01
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Rayalaseema, and within the deprive
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due to want of time and space; a di
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gram panchayats) system of governan
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3 EDUCATION AND HEALTH The educatio
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progress and the gap in literacy ra
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The findings are quite dramatic - a
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1991 3 . However, Chapter 7 which p
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100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20
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Though the total number of primary
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from the learning outcomes of the c
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Source: Statistical Abstract Andhra
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number of SC students enrolled in t
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Osmania University was established
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Andhra University area comprising o
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775%) and the intake of students du
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school and junior college level, th
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As is clear, the average per capita
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3.7.03 In case of new regional univ
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3.7.07 The state government‟s rep
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Students from coastal Andhra, on th
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3.8.02 Andhra Pradesh is doing far
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3.8.06 After a thorough analysis of
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3.8.10 The Committee feels that the
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3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50
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1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Source:
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lac population also shows an improv
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the other districts of Telangana. A
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maternal health status like antenat
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3.11 Summing Up 3.11.01 Health infr
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4 WATER RESOURCES, IRRIGATION AND P
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lakes like Ramappa, Pakhal, Laknava
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cases. Some groups have pointed out
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4 .4.02 Land Utilization (i) The re
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Sl. No Name Design Pumping Head (m)
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Projects are also being taken up at
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Lakh Ha 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
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Lakh Ha. 25 20 15 10 5 0 Figure 4.6
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Percentage 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Sour
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Table 4.8: Status of Tanks in Andhr
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Percentage 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Sour
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Table 4.9: Regionwise Sectoral Cont
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Percentage 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
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problem, that has not been addresse
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4.5 Summing up The major grievances
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tanks can be revived or new check d
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(ii) Another grievance of Telangana
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conceived after reorganization. Bef
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would also address all the technica
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having specialized knowledge on irr
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PART II: POWER DEVELOPMENT IN ANDHR
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witnessed stupendous growth during
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towns and cities with population of
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Table 4.11: Generation installed ca
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4.10 Power - Gas The details of exi
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4.12 XII Plan Capacity Addition Tab
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4.13.04 The T&D system in all the t
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adopted in the 220 kV and 132 kV sy
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4.17.03 Category-wise sales of elec
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4.17.07 Region-wise number of exist
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Table 4.23: Subsidy provided to agr
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Table 4.27: Region-wise Abstract of
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4.18.01 From the analysis of variou
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in Telangana and Rayalaseema region
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CHAPTER 5 PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT I S S U
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5 _________________________________
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If a Mulki woman married a non-Mulk
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35. It is, therefore, necessary to
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High Command arranged a meeting of
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5.8 Articles 16 and 35 of the Const
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(2) In this section.- (a) “Subord
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consultation with a committee of Ju
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Public Employment (Requirement to R
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existed for the people of the Telan
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that the Mulki Rules were valid and
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5.19.04 On December 10, 1973, Presi
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5.22 The Constitution (Thirty-Secon
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the civil services of and classes o
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1. Procedure to be followed for fur
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5.26.04 Actions Suggested The Commi
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(3) officials of the state governme
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• The Officers‟ Committee prese
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• Clarification issued that the P
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5.29 Status of implementation of th
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construed as having been so allotte
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5.31 Further action taken on the Su
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fasting were sent to hospital. Gove
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and that all appointments have been
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anyway have increased by 2006 as co
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Likewise, it is equally important t
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6 ISSUES RELATING TO HYDERABAD METR
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6.2.03 Around the time of its acces
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6.3.03 Concurrent with Naidu‟s se
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constituencies, TDP and Congress ha
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6.5.05 The functions of GHMC includ
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Table 6.1 Various Governance Struct
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Figure 6.1: Location of key institu
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6.8.02 Hyderabad and Rangareddy for
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making the transition to being base
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construction and traditional servic
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6.10.03 However, in terms of area,
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estate developers from cities like
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Page 368 and 369: Figure 6.5: Work and Business Relat
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Page 372 and 373: Table 6.10B: Occupation of Circulat
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Page 386 and 387: 7.1.06 The preceding chapters of th
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Page 390 and 391: 7.1.15 The second basis of their re
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Page 394 and 395: enquiry that not a single person fr
Page 396 and 397: Andhra regions. Being the most back
Page 398 and 399: area for so many years. The consequ
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Page 402 and 403: 2010. Thus groups have formed into
Page 404 and 405: sample NSSO 2004/5 survey are not r
Page 406 and 407: The results are the same if instead
Page 408 and 409: The findings from the quantitative
Page 410 and 411: distribution of SC communities in t
Page 414 and 415: 7.9.07 Analysis The Madiga communit
Page 416 and 417: 7.9.10 Telangana: The All India Ban
Page 418 and 419: 7.9.14 Adivasis and the Manya Seema
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Page 422 and 423: egion would face loss of employment
Page 424 and 425: over the bifurcation issue can be a
Page 426 and 427: Rayalaseema: The Muslim community i
Page 428 and 429: Christians. Reservations are the is
Page 430 and 431: entrants into higher education and
Page 432 and 433: 7.13 Caste, Tribe, Religion, Region
Page 434 and 435: 7.14 Cultural Issues 7.14.01 In thi
Page 436 and 437: of the distribution of linguistic c
Page 438 and 439: social class. Thus, even coastal An
Page 440 and 441: transformed in recent times with id
Page 442 and 443: celebrated by four or five mandals,
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Page 446 and 447: 7.15.14 While the Committee had nei
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Page 450 and 451: (a) Home (b) Finance (c) Revenue (d
Page 452 and 453: (5) On the whole (from 1956 - 2010)
Page 454 and 455: accommodated in the Council of Mini
Page 456 and 457: three regions of the state. These s
Page 458 and 459: such as the Chenchus. There is no d
Page 460 and 461: 7.18.11 At the political level, a p
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Table 7B: Socio-Cultural Groups and
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Table 7D: Socio-Cultural Groups and
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C H A PTER 8 LAW & ORDER AND INTERN
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C H A PTER 9 THE WAY FOR W A RD 9.1
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EQUALITY of status and of opportuni
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Jammu and Kashmir was given a speci
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6. Kerala: Formed by the merger of
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9.1.11 North East India consists of
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favour the “strong-centre” conc
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favour of creation of smaller state
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Federation, it is learnt, was inaug
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the country. 8 Creation of these th
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for some time. Besides, sporadic ag
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(b) It was considered that this opt
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this option may have economic justi
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The extended Union Territory will c
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would not be happy with a common ca
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c) The division of the state will a
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option. Separation is recommended o
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transferred to the Council and its
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egions. The core issue being one of
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for enlarging the existing role of
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