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Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy

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PRINCIPLES OF FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY 149<br />

Figure 4.63. Tryptophan intensity decays <strong>of</strong> FKBP59-1 excited by<br />

synchrotron radiation at 295 nm and observed at 310 and 380 nm.<br />

Revised from [219].<br />

near 6 ns in the presence <strong>of</strong> lipid. It is easier to visualize the<br />

effects <strong>of</strong> lipid from the distributions than from a table <strong>of</strong><br />

parameter values.<br />

Lifetime distributions and the MEM are also useful in<br />

visualizing the effects <strong>of</strong> observation wavelength on intensity<br />

decays. 219 The immunophilin FKBP59-1 contains two<br />

tryptophan residues, one buried and one exposed to the solvent<br />

(Chapter 16 and 17). The intensity decays are visually<br />

similar on the short (310 nm) and long (380 nm) sides <strong>of</strong> the<br />

emission spectrum (Figure 4.63). The difference between<br />

the decays are much more apparent in lifetime distributions<br />

recovered from the maximum entropy analysis (Figure<br />

4.64). An excellent monograph has recently been published<br />

on TCSPC [220]. Readers are encouraged to see this book<br />

for additional details on TCSPC.<br />

REFERENCES<br />

1. Bevington PR, Robinson DK. 1992. Data reduction and error analysis<br />

for the physical sciences, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York.<br />

2. Taylor JR. 1982. An introduction to error analysis: the study <strong>of</strong><br />

uncertainties in physical measurements. University Science Books,<br />

Sausalito, CA.<br />

3. Grinvald A, Steinberg IZ. 1974. On the analysis <strong>of</strong> fluorescence<br />

decay kinetics by the method <strong>of</strong> least-squares. Anal Biochem<br />

59:583–593.<br />

4. Demas JN. 1983. Excited state lifetime measurements. Academic<br />

Press, New York.<br />

Figure 4.64. Lifetime distribution <strong>of</strong> the immunophilin FKBP59-1<br />

recovered by the MEM. Revised from [219].<br />

5. Johnson ML. 1985. The analysis <strong>of</strong> ligand binding data with experimental<br />

uncertainties in the independent variables. Anal Biochem<br />

148:471–478.<br />

6. Bard J. 1974. Nonlinear parameter estimation. Academic Press, New<br />

York.<br />

7. Johnson ML. 1983. Evaluation and propagation <strong>of</strong> confidence intervals<br />

in nonlinear, asymmetrical variance spaces: analysis <strong>of</strong> ligand<br />

binding data. Biophys J 44:101–106.<br />

8. O'Connor DV, Phillips D. 1984. Time-correlated single-photon<br />

counting. Academic Press, New York.<br />

9. Birch DJS, Imh<strong>of</strong> RE. 1991. Time-domain fluorescence spectroscopy<br />

using time-correlated single-photon counting. In Topics in<br />

fluorescence spectroscopy, Vol. 1: Techniques, pp. 1–95. Ed JR<br />

Lakowicz, Plenum Press, New York.<br />

10. Ware WR. 1971. Transient luminescence measurements. In Creation<br />

and detection <strong>of</strong> the excited state, Vol. 1A, pp. 213–302. Ed AA<br />

Lamola. Marcel Dekker, New York.<br />

11. Becker W, Bergmann A. 2005. Multidimensional time-correlated single-photon<br />

counting. In Reviews in fluorescence, Vol. 2, pp. 77–108.<br />

Ed CD Geddes, JR Lakowicz. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers,<br />

New York.<br />

12. Bassi A, Swartling J, D'Andrea C, Pifferi A, Torricelli A, Cubeddu R.<br />

2004. Time-resolved spectrophotometer for a turbid media based on<br />

supercontinuum generation in a photonic crystal fiber. Opt Lett<br />

29(20):2405–2407.

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