Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy

934 INDEX
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy [cont'd]
total internal reflection, 821–822
with two-photon excitation, 822–823
diffusion of intracellular kinase, 823
Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), 727–730
applications of, 729–730
preparation of probe DNA, 728–729
spectral karyotyping, 730–732
Fluorescence intensity distribution analysis, 817–819
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLM), 97–98, 630, 741–752
calcium concentration from lifetime, 744–745
cos cells images, 745–746
early methods for, 743–744
frequency-domain laser scanning microscopy, 750–751
literature references, 754
laser scanning TCSPC film, 748–750
images of amyloid plaques, 750
literature references, 754
literature references, 753–755
using gated-image intensifier, 747–748
wide-field frequency-domain film, 746–747
imaging cells containing GFPs, 747
laser scanning TCSPC film of cellular biomolecules, 750
protein kinase C activation, 746–747
Fluorescence microscopy, filters for, 41
Fluorescence polarization. See Polarization
Fluorescence-polarization immunoassays (FPIs), 661–663, 691–692
Fluorescence quenching. See Quenching
Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, 814–815
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), 443. See also
Energy transfer
Fluorescence scanning spectroscopy
theory of, 839
Fluorescence standards. See Standards
Fluorogenic probes, 79–80
Fluorophore blinking, 767, 768, 769
Fluorophores, 1, 63–95
anisotropy decay, time-dependent, 391
anisotropy of planar fluorophores with high symmetry, 435
biochemical, 15–16
blinking of, 815
brightness, 817–819
chemical sensing probes, 78–79
colloid interactions, 846–848
concentration, 805–806
DNA probes, 15, 75–78
dual color, 824–826
excitation of multiple, 618
excitation photoselection of, 357–358
extrinsic, 15, 67–74
membrane potential probes, 72–74
membrane probes, 72
photostability, 70–71
protein labeling, role of Stokes shift in, 69–70
protein-labeling probes, non-covalent, 71–72
protein-labeling reagents, 67–69
fluorescent proteins, 81–86
green fluorescent protein, 81–83
phycobiliproteins, 84–86
phytofluors, 83–84
fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy, 744
glucose-sensitive, 650–651
intercalated, 432–433
intracellular proteins
specific labeling of, 86
intrinsic or natural, 15, 63–67
enzyme cofactors, 63–65
protein binding of NADH, 65–67
lanthanides, 679–683
fingerprint detection, 683
nanoparticles, 682
near-infrared emitting, 682, 683
resonance energy transfer, 680–681
sensors, 681–682
long-lifetime metal–ligand complexes, 683–695
long-lifetime probes, 86–88
lanthanides, 87–88
transition metal–ligand complexes, 88
long-wavelength long-lifetime, 695–697
mixtures, quenching-resolved emission spectra, 301–302
multiphoton excitation for membrane-bound, 613
photobleaching, 769
photostability, 769–770, 849–850
polarization, surface-bound, 786–787
polarization of single immobilized, 786
probe–probe interactions, 225–226
proteins as sensors, 88–89
quenchers of, 278, 279
red and near-IR dyes, 74–75
semiconductor nanoparticles, 675–678
quantum dots, labeling cells with, 677–678
quantum dots, resonance energy transfer, 678
quantum dots, spectral properties, 676–677
single-molecule detection, 23
solvent effects on emission spectra, 226–228
special probes
fluorogenic, 79–80
structural analogs of biomolecules, 80
viscosity probes, 80–81
two-photon excitation of, 610–612
4-Fluorotryptophan (4FW), 565
FluoSphereJ, 635–636
Fluro-3, 645
FMN, enzyme turnover, 781–782
Focused-ion-beam (FIB), 778
Folate receptor, 375–376
Förster, Theodor, 448
Förster cycle, 261–262
Förster distance (R 0 ), 14, 19, 332–333, 366, 468
anisotropy decay, time-dependent, 389
distance distribution from steady-state, 499, 500
donor–acceptor pairs, 443–444, 468
homotransfer, 450
indole acceptor pair, 500
proteins, 540
representative, 467–468
RET in three dimensions, 511
Fractal dimensions, 514
Fractional accessibility, 288–290, 290–291, 549
Fractional intensity, 413
Franck-Condon principle, 5, 8, 12, 211
Franck-Condon state, 237
Frequency-domain decays
anisotropy, time-dependent, 383–387, 390
Frequency-domain films, wide-field, 746–747