Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy

932 INDEX
Energy transfer [cont'd]
theory of, 445–451
for donor–acceptor pair, 445–448
homotransfer and heterotransfer, 450–451
orientation factor, 448–449
transfer rate dependence on distance, overlap integral, and
orientation factor, 449–450
Energy transfer, time-resolved, 477–501
acceptor decays, 489
advanced topics
single-protein-molecule distance distribution, 496–497
biochemical applications of distance distributions, 490–496
calcium-induced changes in troponin C conformation,
490–493
DNA, four-way Holliday junction in, 493–494
hairpin ribozyme, 493
unfolding of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase, 494–495
diffusion effects for linked D–A pairs, 498–501
experimental measurement, 500–501
RET and diffusive motions in biopolymers, 501
simulations of RET for flexible pair, 499–500
distance distribution data analysis, 485–489
frequency-domain analysis, 485–487
time-domain analysis, 487
distance distribution in proteins
analysis with frequency domain data, 485–487
distance distribution functions, 487
from time-domain measurements, 487
distance distributions from steady-state data, 443
D–A pairs with different R 0 values, 445–446
quenching, changing R 0 by, 447
distance distributions in glycopeptide, 495–496
distance distributions in peptides, 479–482
concentration of D–A pairs and, 482
cross-fitting data to exclude alternative models, 481–482
donor decay without acceptor, 482
rigid vs. flexible hexapeptide, 479–481
distance distributions in proteins, 482–485
domain motion in, 501
melittin, 483–485
incomplete labeling effects, 487–489
orientation factor effects, 489
representative literature references, 504
RET imaging, 497–498
Energy-transfer efficiency from enhanced fluorescence,
461–462
Energy-transfer immunoassay, 660–661
Energy-transfer stains and dyes, DNA, 715
Energy transfer to multiple acceptors in one, two, or three dimensions,
507–524
dimensionality effect on RET, 511–515
one dimension, 514–515
two dimensions, 512–514
with multiple acceptors, 515–516
aggregation of β-amyloid peptides, 515–516
RET imaging of fibronectin, 516
in presence of diffusion, 519–524
restricted geometries, 516–519
effect of excluded area, 518–519
RET in rapid-diffusion limit, 520–524
acceptor location in lipid vesicles, 521–522
retinal location in rhodopsin disk membranes, 522–524
three dimensions, 507–511
diffusion effects on RET with unlinked donors and acceptors,
508–509
experimental studies, 509–511
Enzyme cofactors
intrinsic fluorescence, 63–65
time-domain lifetime measurement, 147
Enzyme kinetics, 770
Enzymes
DNA, degradation, 808
turnover of, 780–781, 782
Eosin, 10, 633
Eosin-labeled ethanolamine, 448
Eosin-labeled lipid, 447
Epifluorescence, 41
Epi-illumination, 761
Erbium, 682, 683
Erythrosin, 408
Erythrosin B, 10
Escherichia coli maltose-binding protein, 653
Escherichia coli Tet repressor, 302–304
Estradiol, 80
Estrogens, intracellular RET indicator for, 458
1,2-Ethanedithiol (EDT), 86
Ethanol
indole emission spectra in cyclohexane-ethanol mixture, 533–534
indole lifetime in, 533–534
polarizability properties, 207
rotational diffusion in, 367
specific solvent effects, 213, 214
tryptophan anisotropy spectra in, 533
Ethenoadenine derivatives, 287–288
Förster distances, 468
Ethers, 209, 279
Ethidium bromide, 75, 286
anisotropy decay, 402, 403–404, 432–433
DNA technology, 713, 714
energy transfer in one dimension, 514, 515
metal–ligand probes, 688
Ethidium homodimer, 75
Ethoxycoumarin, 230
Ethyl acetate, 206–207
Ethylaniline, 338
Ethylcellulose, 634
Ethylenediamine, dansylated, 229, 230
1-Ethylpyrene, 286
Europium, 3
as fluorophores, 679
Förster distances, 468
immunoassays, 659
metal-enhanced fluorescence, 843, 844
Excimers, 9, 269–270
DNA hybridization, 225, 718–719
Exciplex formation, 9, 278
Excitation, polarized, 778
Excitation anisotropy, two-photon and multiphoton, 21–22, 612–613
Excitation anisotropy spectra, 358–361, 531–533
Excitation filter, 41
Excitation photoselection of fluorophores, 357–358
Excitation spectra
anisotropy, 358–360, 531–533
instrumentation, 27–31