Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy

468 ENERGY TRANSFER
Table 13.3. Representative Förster Distances for
Various Donor–Acceptor Pairs a
summarized in Table 13.3 for a variety of D–A pairs, and in
Table 13.4 for tryptophan donor–acceptor pairs. In the case
of lanthanides in environments where the quantum yield is
near unity, and for multi-chromophore acceptors, R 0 values
as large as 90 Å have been calculated. 95 This is the largest
Förster distance reported to date.
REFERENCES
Donor Acceptor R 0 (Å)
Naphthalene 14 Dansyl 22
Dansyl 95 FITC 33–41
Dansyl 14 ODR 43
ε-A 14 NBD 38
IAF 14 TMR 37–50
Pyrene 14 Coumarin 39
FITC 14 TMR 49–54
IAEDANS 14 FITC 49
IAEDANS 14 IAF 46–56
IAF 14 EIA 46
CF TR 51
Bodipy 25 Bodipy 57
BPE 14 Cy5 72
Terbium 96 Rhodamine 65
Europium 94 Cy5 70
Europium 97 APC 90
a Dansyl, 5-dimethylamino-1-napthalenesulfonic acid.
ε-A, 1-N 6 -ethenoadenosine; APC, allophycocyanin;
Bodipy, 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene;
BPE, B-phycoerythrin; CF, carboxylfluorescein, succinimidyl
ester; Cy5, carboxymethylindocyanine-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl
ester; EIA, 5-(iodoacetamido) eosin;
FITC, fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; IAEDANS, 5-(2-
0((iodocetyl)amino)ethyl)amino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic
acid; IAF, 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein; NBD, 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl;
ODR, octadecylrhodamine;
TMR, tetramethylrhodamine; TR, Texas Red.
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Table 13.4. Förster Distances for
Tryptophan–Acceptor Pairs a
Donor Acceptor b R 0 (Å)
Trp Nitrobenzoyl 16
Trp Dansyl 21–24
Trp IAEDANS 22
Trp Anthroyloxyl 24
Trp TNB 24
Trp Anthroyl 25
Trp Tyr–NO 2 26
Trp Pyrene 28
Trp Heme 29
Trp NBS 30
Trp DNBS 33
Trp DPH 40
aFrom [14].
bANS, 6-anilinonaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid; Dansyl, 5dimethylamino-1-napthalenesulfonic
acid; DPH, 1,6diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene;
DNBS, dinitrobenzenesulfonyl;
IAEDANS, 5-(((2-iodocetyl)amino)ethyl)amino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic
acid; NBS, nitrobenzenesulfenyl;
TNB, trinitrophenyl; TNB, trinitrophanyl.
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