Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy

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PRINCIPLES OF FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY 871 10. Axelrod D, Hellen EH, Fulbright RM. 1992. Total internal reflection fluorescence. In Topics in fluorescence spectroscopy, Vol 3: Biochemical applications, pp. 289–343. Ed JR Lakowicz. Plenum Press, New York. 11. Neumann T, Johansson ML, Kambhampati D, Knoll W. 2002. Surface-plasmon fluorescence spectroscopy. Adv Funct Mater 12: 9–575-586. 12. Liebermann T, Knoll W. 2000. Surface-plasmon field-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy. Colloids Surf 171:115–130. 13. Ekgasit S, Stengel G, Knoll W. 2004. Concentration of dye-labeled nucleotides incorporated into DNA determined by surface plasmon resonance-surface plasmon fluorescence spectroscopy. Anal Chem 76:4747–4755. 14. Ekgasit S, Thammacharoen C, Yu F, Knoll W. 2004. Evanescent field in surface plasmon resonance and surface plasmon field-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopies. Anal Chem 76:2210–2219. 15. Roy S, Kim J-H, Kellis JT, Poulose AJ, Robertson CR, Gast AP. 2002. 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Appendix I Corrected Emission Spectra A relatively limited number of corrected emission spectra are available. In this Appendix we include the well-documented corrected spectra. It is not possible to state which are the "most correct." Corrected spectra can be interchanged from photons per wavenumber interval I(ν) to photons per wavelength interval I(λ) using I(λ) = I(ν)λ –2 , followed by normalization of the peak intensity to unity. Most of the compounds listed below satisfy the suggested criteria for emission spectral standards, which are as follows: 1. Broad wavelength emission with no fine structure 2. Chemically stable, easily available and purified 3. High quantum yield 4. Emission spectrum independent of excitation wavelength 5. Completely depolarized emission. 1. EMISSION SPECTRA STANDARDS FROM 300 TO 800 NM Corrected emission spectra on the wavelength scale were reported for six readily available fluorophores in neat solvents (Table I.1). The emission spectra of these standards overlap, providing complete coverage from 300 to 800 nm. For convenience the numerical values of the emission spectra are given in Table I.2. The values are plotted in Figure I.1, and the chemical structures are given in Figure I.2. These correct spectra cover almost all needed wavelengths. It is recommended that these spectra be adopted as the accepted standards for determination of instrument corrections factors and for calculation of corrected emission spectra. 2. β-CARBOLINE DERIVATIVES AS FLUORESCENCE STANDARDS Corrected emission spectra of the carboline derivatives shown in Figure I.3 and I.4 were published. 2 All compounds were measured in 0.1 N H 2 SO 4 , except for 2-methylharmine, which was measured in 0.01 N H 2 SO 4 , 25°C. Corrected emission spectra were reported in graphical form (Figure I.3) and in numerical form (Table I.3). Quantum yields and lifetimes were also reported (Table I.4). Quantum yields were determined relative to quinine sulfate in 1.0 Figure I.1. Corrected emission spectra of six standards from [1]. From left to right the spectra are for tryptophan, α-NPO, TPB, coumarin, DCM, and LDS 751. 873
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Principles of Fluorescence Spectros
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Joseph R. Lakowicz Center for Fluor
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Preface The first edition of Princi
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x GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS DNS dansyl o
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xii GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS TRES time-
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xiv GLOSSARY OF MATHEMATICAL TERMS
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xvi CONTENTS 2.9.4. Conversion betw
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xviii CONTENTS 6. Solvent and Envir
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xx CONTENTS 10.4.4. Alignment of Po
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xxii CONTENTS 14.7.1. Simulations o
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xxiv CONTENTS 19.12. New Approaches
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xxvi CONTENTS 25.3. Optical Propert
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2 INTRODUCTION TO FLUORESCENCE Figu
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6 INTRODUCTION TO FLUORESCENCE inst
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10 INTRODUCTION TO FLUORESCENCE Fig
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12 INTRODUCTION TO FLUORESCENCE ns,
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14 INTRODUCTION TO FLUORESCENCE 1.7
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24 INTRODUCTION TO FLUORESCENCE due
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28 INSTRUMENTATION FOR FLUORESCENCE
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3 Fluorescence probes represent the
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PRINCIPLES OF FLUORESCENCE SPECTROS
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98 TIME-DOMAIN LIFETIME MEASUREMENT
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100 TIME-DOMAIN LIFETIME MEASUREMEN
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238 DYNAMICS OF SOLVENT AND SPECTRA
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278 QUENCHING OF FLUORESCENCE 8.1.
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280 QUENCHING OF FLUORESCENCE Figur
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282 QUENCHING OF FLUORESCENCE ly ev
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290 QUENCHING OF FLUORESCENCE relat
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298 QUENCHING OF FLUORESCENCE σ ar
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320 QUENCHING OF FLUORESCENCE 47. R
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322 QUENCHING OF FLUORESCENCE 113.
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328 QUENCHING OF FLUORESCENCE P8.3.
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330 QUENCHING OF FLUORESCENCE P8.11
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332 MECHANISMS AND DYNAMICS OF FLUO
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10 Measurements of fluorescence ani
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444 ENERGY TRANSFER Figure 13.1. Fl
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446 ENERGY TRANSFER wavelength is e
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448 ENERGY TRANSFER Table 13.1. Cal
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450 ENERGY TRANSFER Figure 13.6. Ab
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452 ENERGY TRANSFER safe for many p
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454 ENERGY TRANSFER Figure 13.12. P
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456 ENERGY TRANSFER Figure 13.16. E
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458 ENERGY TRANSFER Figure 13.21. R
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460 ENERGY TRANSFER Figure 13.24. R
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462 ENERGY TRANSFER tiple acceptors
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466 ENERGY TRANSFER Figure 13.33. F
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468 ENERGY TRANSFER Table 13.3. Rep
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470 ENERGY TRANSFER 55. Clegg RM. 1
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474 ENERGY TRANSFER Figure 13.39. O
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578 TIME-RESOLVED PROTEIN FLUORESCE
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676 NOVEL FLUOROPHORES Figure 20.1.
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678 NOVEL FLUOROPHORES Figure 20.7.
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680 NOVEL FLUOROPHORES Figure 20.12
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698 NOVEL FLUOROPHORES 33. Acherman
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700 NOVEL FLUOROPHORES 103. Demas J
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702 NOVEL FLUOROPHORES 176. Montalt
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758 SINGLE-MOLECULE DETECTION Figur
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770 SINGLE-MOLECULE DETECTION Table
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788 SINGLE-MOLECULE DETECTION TCSPC
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790 SINGLE-MOLECULE DETECTION 53. H
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792 SINGLE-MOLECULE DETECTION Ke PC
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794 SINGLE-MOLECULE DETECTION Polar
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