Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain Lion Workshop - Carnivore ...

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and employee training and categorizes mountain lion behavior as either acceptable or unacceptable. Examples of acceptable behavior include: The animal retreats at the sight of a human. • The animal stays put while humans show no aggression. • The animal shows signs of curiosity while humans show no aggression. • The animal crouches, twitches its tail and stares directly into the person’s eyes, immediately followed by retreating or showing no further aggression. While examples of unacceptable behavior include: • The animal displays unprovoked aggression. • The animal exhibits forms of predatory behavior towards humans. • Intentionally approaching close to a human after the animal knows the human has seen it, even if the human did not have to take evasive or aggressive action to drive the animal off. • The animal continues to disturb, raid, or investigate humans or high-human-use areas. • A lion that is seen in the vicinity of a school or other areas where children are congregated, especially during hours when children are present. • A mountain lion that is not cornered but refuses to retreat when objects are thrown at it. • A mountain lion spending > 1 day in a residential area (neighborhood yards) and is eating pet food or pets. • The animal aggressively approaches a human, or fails to retreat when a human takes aggressive actions. • Intentionally approaching a human at close range that requires the human to take some evasive or aggressive action to avoid attack. The AZGFD maintains a statewide database for human-wildlife interactions. Responses of wildlife managers to mountain lion/human interactions are catalogued using a Mountain Lion Observation Form. Interactions are classified as; a sighting, encounter, incident or an attack. Since the inception of the database in late 2005, wildlife managers have responded to 405 reports involving mountain lions with 333 of these resulting in additional investigative actions such as a site visitation to verify the presence of a mountain lion and to better inform property owners of additional actions including possible removal of an animal exhibiting unacceptable behavior. Although Arizona has yet to experience a mountain lion-caused human fatality, recently there was an attack on a 10-year-old boy by a rabid mountain lion resulting in minor injuries and numerous individuals exposed to rabies. During 2007, there was the unfortunate death of a biologist in Arizona due to a secondary plague exposure from a mountain lion that tested plague positive. Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain Lion Workshop 88
The AZGFD supports the Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit at the University of Arizona which is working on the establishment of a center whose primary objective will be to provide a full-service support unit to train and mentor students and biologists from around the world to conduct rigorous, focused, science-based studies of wild felids, including mountain lions. Research Since the last mountain lion workshop, Dr. Ted McKinney, a researcher with AZGFD, and his associates, completed and published studies on mountain lion predation of translocated desert bighorn sheep in Arizona (McKinney et al. 2006a) and evaluation of factors potentially influencing a desert bighorn sheep population (McKinney et al. 2006b). The results can be found in a recent Wildlife Society monograph and bulletin. Current studies are being conducted in support of an identified need to better understand how mountain lions are affected by the density of human development across the landscape. The concept that subpopulations of mountain lions are a part of a larger metapopulation (Sweanor et al. 2000) is supported in part by these on-going studies during which mountain lions utilized up to 5 different mountain ranges. Arizona is expected to double in population by the year 2050 to approximately 12 million people. As human population growth continues, it will be accompanied by welldeveloped transportation systems that will affect mountain lion metapopulation dynamics, in ways not yet well understood. Arizona is also a border state that will have to monitor the impacts on large carnivores of the construction of a solid wall for miles along its border with Mexico. Arizona has a strong management interest in mountain lions and will be working towards the development of conservation strategies that will hopefully maintain the mountain lion as an integral part of its ecosystem for future generations to come. Literature Cited Cunningham, S.C., L.A. Haynes, C. Gustavson, and D.D. Haywood. 1995. Diet selection of mountain lions in southeastern Arizona. Research Branch Technical Report 17, Arizona Game and Fish Department. Phoenix. 64pp. USA. Germaine, S. S., K. D. Brisow, and L. A. Haynes. 2000. Distribution and population status of mountain lions in southwestern Arizona. The Southwestern Naturalist 45:333-338. Housholder, B., 1967. The story behind Arizona’s lion bounty. Arizona Game and Fish Department Report. Phoenix. 17 pp. USA McKinney, T., J. C. deVos Jr., W. B. Ballard, S. R. Boe. 2006. Mountain lion predation of translocated desert bighorn sheep in Arizona. Wildlife Society Bulletin 34(5):1255-1263. McKinney, T., T. W. Smith, and J. C. deVos Jr. 2006. Evaluation of factors potentially influencing a desert bighorn sheep population. Wildlife Monographs 164:1-36. Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain Lion Workshop 89
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Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain L
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IN REMEMBRANCE There are giants who
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Distinguished Service Awards Mauric
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North Dakota Dorothy Fescke .......
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Evaluation of noninvasive genetic s
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Survival and ages of cougars harves
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Preface Chronology of Mountain Lion
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9 th Mtn. Lion Workshop Agenda Coug
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10:35-10:55 Estimating lion populat
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Movements of a female cougar on the
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State and Province Mountain Lion St
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160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Lions
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somewhat stable, though overall abu
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Idaho Cougar Ages 2002 2003 2004 20
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and that occurred in 1999 to a 13-y
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the approximately 15 other bills in
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for Project CAT; his primary focus
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Oregon Mountain Lion Status Report
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cougar seasons are 10 months long (
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Population Status and Trend Status
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California Mountain Lion Status Rep
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Number (i) The permit does not inva
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The steps in responding to a public
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during the attack, objects chewed o
Page 49 and 50: Montana Mountain Lion Status Report
Page 51 and 52: Red Desert basin. Mixed conifer and
Page 53 and 54: Table 1. Wyoming mountain lion mana
Page 55 and 56: (Fig. 4). Approximately 90% of all
Page 57 and 58: - Use of rubber bullets - Use of pe
Page 59 and 60: Literature Cited Anderson, C.R., JR
Page 61 and 62: Genetic Monitoring A recent study b
Page 63 and 64: Literature Cited Anderson, C. R., F
Page 65 and 66: Mule deer and bighorn sheep hunting
Page 67 and 68: In 1981, the Harvest Objective hunt
Page 69 and 70: more than 10% of Nevada’s 286,298
Page 71 and 72: Future Research The Department is c
Page 73 and 74: Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW
Page 75 and 76: Figure 1. Wildlife Management Units
Page 77 and 78: Figure 2. Cougar habitat in Utah. A
Page 79 and 80: Table 1. Utah cougar harvests, 1989
Page 81 and 82: while encouraging some hunter selec
Page 83 and 84: State’s management objectives (ma
Page 85 and 86: Stoner, D. C., W. Reith, M.L. Wolfe
Page 87 and 88: Figure 1. Colorado mountain lion Da
Page 89 and 90: Percent Q. Achievement & Success 65
Page 91 and 92: in which we request voluntary reduc
Page 93 and 94: Figure 6 is preliminary information
Page 95 and 96: humans, predation on pets, hobby st
Page 97 and 98: Arizona Mountain Lion Status Report
Page 99: Hunt Regulations Since the 8 th Mou
Page 103 and 104: South Dakota Mountain Lion Status R
Page 105 and 106: National Park [TRNP], Three Affilia
Page 107 and 108: Mountain lion carcasses were weighe
Page 109 and 110: Figure 2. Verified mountain lion lo
Page 111 and 112: In 2007, eleven mountain lions (n =
Page 113 and 114: increases or expansion. The overall
Page 115 and 116: Florida Mountain Lion Status Report
Page 117 and 118: interactions. Six categories of int
Page 119 and 120: cases (a large breed dog, miniature
Page 121 and 122: Interactions with Humans at the Urb
Page 123 and 124: Demographic and Landscape Influence
Page 125 and 126: Challenges and Opportunities Facing
Page 127 and 128: Caloosahatchee River will be depend
Page 129 and 130: Prospects for Mountain Lion Persist
Page 131 and 132: Habitat Use and Movements Proceedin
Page 133 and 134: Daily Movement Distances of Florida
Page 135 and 136: Refining the Use of GPS Telemetry C
Page 137 and 138: ural areas (hereafter, developed zo
Page 139 and 140: owned, of which over 50% were zoned
Page 141 and 142: Garmin ® (Garmin Ltd.) GPS units.
Page 143 and 144: the steplength and turnangle distri
Page 145 and 146: Table 1. Collar performance, time m
Page 147 and 148: depredation on goats newly introduc
Page 149 and 150: Paths derived from puma movement pa
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Table 6 and Fig. 3 display the perc
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even mortality from a heavily explo
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parcels) and non-preferred habitat
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CDFG 2000. California Department of
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Stralberg, D. and B. Williams. 2002
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Multi-Carnivore and Prey Interactio
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subadults, and kittens, the study p
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Cougar Home Range Shifts and Appare
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iomass, or directly when cougars ar
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Mountain Lion Movement Patterns in
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Genetics and Disease Proceedings of
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and CO2 rifles and biopsy darts (bo
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Estimation of the Bottleneck Size i
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A Preliminary Retrospective on the
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Population Estimation and Dynamics
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Dynamics and Demography of a Centra
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The Idaho Backcountry: Is it Still
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Study Areas and Methods We selected
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We calculated the proportion of res
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Warren Adult Female Sub Female Sub
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Harvest Rate Change Four long-term
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had increased to over 25% of the co
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editor. Proceedings of the Third Mo
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Censusing Pumas by Categorizing Phy
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Education and Social Issues Proceed
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The Land of the Living Dead Comes A
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Science and Education Working Toget
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Her dad was a cougar hunter, so Eve
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The Gray Whales’ Migration Journe
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11) How do we manage real-time GPS
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harvest is not allowed. This reflec
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Key Concepts: Mountain Lion Managem
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Dispersal Movements of Subadult Cou
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Cougar Management Protocols: a Surv
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Response percent Response percent 1
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Table 2. Cougar population status b
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Table 5. Responses to what informat
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Rating average 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.
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Throughout the US and Canada, appro
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Percent Percent 100 90 80 70 60 50
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Table 8. Agency responses to what c
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the incident rated highest (67%). O
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Brochures/pamphlets/factsheets News
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In terms of education and outreach
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Population Status A vital prerequis
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agencies towards a standardized lan
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Literature Cited Anderson, C. R., a
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6) How does your agency solicit non
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19a) Hunting information Number of
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Game Warden/Conservation Officer Pr
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Cougars are not relocated when invo
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Other (explain) 45) What approaches
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Poster Session Proceedings of the N
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Generating an Index of Relative Abu
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Movements of a Female Cougar on the
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Survival and Ages of Cougars Harves
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Intra-specific Variation in Cougar
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Cougars in British Columbia: Conser
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Cougar-Induced Vigilance in Ungulat
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List of Participants First Name Las
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First Name Last Name Affiliation Ci
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First Name Last Name Affiliation Ci
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