Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain Lion Workshop - Carnivore ...

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illegal and legal shootings, and other incidentally killed animals, were recorded in the database. The NDGFD carried out a state-wide mountain lion hunting season for North Dakota residents (31 August 2007 to 9 March 2008; 2007-2008 Small Game and Furbearer Hunting Proclamation). The state was divided into two management zones (Zone 1 and Zone 2; see Fig. 1). Zone 1 included the Badlands, associated MR Breaks and adjacent lands outside of Fort Berthold Reservation. Zone 2 included all areas outside of Zone 1 with the exception of tribal lands (Fort Berthold, Standing Rock, Turtle Mountain and Spirit Lake Reservations). A quota of five mountain lions was allowed in Zone 1; after the quota was filled, the season for this Zone was closed immediately. There was no limit on the number of animals taken in Zone 2, although the limit was one animal per season, per hunter. Any lion other than kittens (lions with visible spots) or females accompanied by kittens could be taken during the season. Beginning 1 December 2007, hunting with dogs was allowed. Any harvested lion that was taken was required to be reported to the NDGFD within 12 hours and the entire intact animal was submitted for analysis; legally taken animals were returned to the hunter following analysis. In addition to harvested lions, carcasses from legal and illegal shootings and incidentallykilled animals also were examined. As part of a cooperative agreement with TAT, mountain lions killed on the Fort Berthold Reservation also were provided to the Department for analyses. Figure 1. 2007 Mountain lion management zones in North Dakota. Zone 1 = Badlands, Zone 2=Prairie Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain Lion Workshop 94
Mountain lion carcasses were weighed, sex determined, and age estimated based on tooth wear and fur color characteristics. Females were examined for evidence of lactation (Anderson and Lindzey 2000). Measurements were taken (Logan and Sweanor 2001), and bodies examined for wounds and presence of porcupine quills. Necropsies were performed to assess nutritional condition (Riney 1955), examine the reproductive tracts of females for past litter sizes, and to collect biological samples for cooperative research purposes. Gastro-intestinal (GI) tracts were sent to SDSU for analysis. Muscle tissue samples were sent to the USDA FSRMRS, for genetic analyses. Blood samples were provided to WS to test for tularemia and sylvatic plague (Yersinia pestis) as part of their agency’s ongoing disease monitoring efforts. Results A total of 230 reported mountain lion sightings were documented by the Department during 2007. Similar to the previous three years, sightings were reported in all months of the year with an overall higher number of sightings being reported during the fall/winter season (Table 1). However, the NDGFD documented a greater number of reports and higher percentage of verified reports than the previous three years (Table 2). By sighting classification, 61 reports (27%) were verified as being a lion (Table 2, Fig. 2). Of the 61 verified reports, 47 occurred in the Badlands, five in the adjacent MR Breaks region, and nine reports occurred outside of these two regions, in seven counties of central and western North Dakota. Verified reports included: 29 observations of tracks, 13 visual observations of the animal (four of which were verified based on credible witnesses that were “vouched for” by Department Biologists or Wardens), six wildlife kills made by lions (five radiocollared bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), one porcupine), six incidental kills of lions (four males, two females; Table 3), two domestic animal kills made by lions (cow and horse), one male found dead in Lake Sakakawea of unknown causes, one male found dead that was believed to be killed from a collision with a vehicle, one audio tape of a mountain lion, one male shot for protection of property purposes, and one female killed illegally. Seventy two reports (31%) could not be ruled out as being legitimate sightings, but lacked the evidence for verification. These ‘Probable unverified’ sightings occurred in 23 counties scattered throughout North Dakota. Fifty-three (23%) reports were classified as ‘Unfounded’. Of the ‘Unfounded’ reports, the majority (36 reports [68%]) of people reporting mountain lion activity incorrectly confused canid tracks (n = 23), sightings (n = 8), wildlife kills (n = 3 deer), domestic animal attacks (n = 1 cow calf), or scat (n = 1) with those of mountain lions. On ten occasions (19%), people incorrectly confused domestic house cat tracks (n = 1), sightings (n = 8), or scat (n = 1) with those of mountain lions. The remainder of the reports classified as unfounded (seven reports [13%]) were due to visual observations of unknown animals (n = 4) being mistaken for lions, horse scratches by barb wire (n = 2) being mistaken for lion attacks, and tracks of livestock (n = 1) being mistaken for lion tracks. Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain Lion Workshop 95
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Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain L
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IN REMEMBRANCE There are giants who
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Distinguished Service Awards Mauric
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North Dakota Dorothy Fescke .......
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Evaluation of noninvasive genetic s
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Survival and ages of cougars harves
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Preface Chronology of Mountain Lion
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9 th Mtn. Lion Workshop Agenda Coug
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10:35-10:55 Estimating lion populat
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Movements of a female cougar on the
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State and Province Mountain Lion St
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160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Lions
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somewhat stable, though overall abu
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Idaho Cougar Ages 2002 2003 2004 20
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and that occurred in 1999 to a 13-y
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the approximately 15 other bills in
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for Project CAT; his primary focus
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Oregon Mountain Lion Status Report
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cougar seasons are 10 months long (
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Population Status and Trend Status
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California Mountain Lion Status Rep
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Number (i) The permit does not inva
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The steps in responding to a public
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during the attack, objects chewed o
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Montana Mountain Lion Status Report
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Red Desert basin. Mixed conifer and
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Table 1. Wyoming mountain lion mana
Page 55 and 56: (Fig. 4). Approximately 90% of all
Page 57 and 58: - Use of rubber bullets - Use of pe
Page 59 and 60: Literature Cited Anderson, C.R., JR
Page 61 and 62: Genetic Monitoring A recent study b
Page 63 and 64: Literature Cited Anderson, C. R., F
Page 65 and 66: Mule deer and bighorn sheep hunting
Page 67 and 68: In 1981, the Harvest Objective hunt
Page 69 and 70: more than 10% of Nevada’s 286,298
Page 71 and 72: Future Research The Department is c
Page 73 and 74: Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW
Page 75 and 76: Figure 1. Wildlife Management Units
Page 77 and 78: Figure 2. Cougar habitat in Utah. A
Page 79 and 80: Table 1. Utah cougar harvests, 1989
Page 81 and 82: while encouraging some hunter selec
Page 83 and 84: State’s management objectives (ma
Page 85 and 86: Stoner, D. C., W. Reith, M.L. Wolfe
Page 87 and 88: Figure 1. Colorado mountain lion Da
Page 89 and 90: Percent Q. Achievement & Success 65
Page 91 and 92: in which we request voluntary reduc
Page 93 and 94: Figure 6 is preliminary information
Page 95 and 96: humans, predation on pets, hobby st
Page 97 and 98: Arizona Mountain Lion Status Report
Page 99 and 100: Hunt Regulations Since the 8 th Mou
Page 101 and 102: The AZGFD supports the Cooperative
Page 103 and 104: South Dakota Mountain Lion Status R
Page 105: National Park [TRNP], Three Affilia
Page 109 and 110: Figure 2. Verified mountain lion lo
Page 111 and 112: In 2007, eleven mountain lions (n =
Page 113 and 114: increases or expansion. The overall
Page 115 and 116: Florida Mountain Lion Status Report
Page 117 and 118: interactions. Six categories of int
Page 119 and 120: cases (a large breed dog, miniature
Page 121 and 122: Interactions with Humans at the Urb
Page 123 and 124: Demographic and Landscape Influence
Page 125 and 126: Challenges and Opportunities Facing
Page 127 and 128: Caloosahatchee River will be depend
Page 129 and 130: Prospects for Mountain Lion Persist
Page 131 and 132: Habitat Use and Movements Proceedin
Page 133 and 134: Daily Movement Distances of Florida
Page 135 and 136: Refining the Use of GPS Telemetry C
Page 137 and 138: ural areas (hereafter, developed zo
Page 139 and 140: owned, of which over 50% were zoned
Page 141 and 142: Garmin ® (Garmin Ltd.) GPS units.
Page 143 and 144: the steplength and turnangle distri
Page 145 and 146: Table 1. Collar performance, time m
Page 147 and 148: depredation on goats newly introduc
Page 149 and 150: Paths derived from puma movement pa
Page 151 and 152: Table 6 and Fig. 3 display the perc
Page 153 and 154: even mortality from a heavily explo
Page 155 and 156: parcels) and non-preferred habitat
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CDFG 2000. California Department of
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Stralberg, D. and B. Williams. 2002
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Multi-Carnivore and Prey Interactio
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subadults, and kittens, the study p
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Cougar Home Range Shifts and Appare
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iomass, or directly when cougars ar
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Mountain Lion Movement Patterns in
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Genetics and Disease Proceedings of
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and CO2 rifles and biopsy darts (bo
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Estimation of the Bottleneck Size i
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A Preliminary Retrospective on the
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Population Estimation and Dynamics
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Dynamics and Demography of a Centra
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The Idaho Backcountry: Is it Still
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Study Areas and Methods We selected
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We calculated the proportion of res
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Warren Adult Female Sub Female Sub
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Harvest Rate Change Four long-term
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had increased to over 25% of the co
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editor. Proceedings of the Third Mo
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Censusing Pumas by Categorizing Phy
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Education and Social Issues Proceed
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The Land of the Living Dead Comes A
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Science and Education Working Toget
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Her dad was a cougar hunter, so Eve
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The Gray Whales’ Migration Journe
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11) How do we manage real-time GPS
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harvest is not allowed. This reflec
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Key Concepts: Mountain Lion Managem
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Dispersal Movements of Subadult Cou
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Cougar Management Protocols: a Surv
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Response percent Response percent 1
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Table 2. Cougar population status b
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Table 5. Responses to what informat
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Rating average 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.
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Throughout the US and Canada, appro
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Percent Percent 100 90 80 70 60 50
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Table 8. Agency responses to what c
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the incident rated highest (67%). O
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Brochures/pamphlets/factsheets News
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In terms of education and outreach
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Population Status A vital prerequis
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agencies towards a standardized lan
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Literature Cited Anderson, C. R., a
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6) How does your agency solicit non
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19a) Hunting information Number of
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Game Warden/Conservation Officer Pr
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Cougars are not relocated when invo
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Other (explain) 45) What approaches
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Poster Session Proceedings of the N
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Generating an Index of Relative Abu
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Movements of a Female Cougar on the
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Survival and Ages of Cougars Harves
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Intra-specific Variation in Cougar
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Cougars in British Columbia: Conser
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Cougar-Induced Vigilance in Ungulat
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List of Participants First Name Las
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First Name Last Name Affiliation Ci
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First Name Last Name Affiliation Ci
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