Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain Lion Workshop - Carnivore ...

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Cougar Reproduction and Survival Pre– and Post–wolf Reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park. Toni K. Ruth 1 , Wildlife Conservation Society, 2023 Stadium Drive, Suite 1A, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA, truth@centurytel.net Polly C. Buotte, Wildlife Conservation Society, 2023 Stadium Drive, Suite 1A, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA.polly@3rivers.net Mark A. Haroldson, U. S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Forestry Sciences Lab, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. Kerry M. Murphy, Yellowstone Center for Resources, P.O. Box 168, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, WY 89210, USA Maurice G. Hornocker, Wildlife Conservation Society, 2023 Stadium Drive, Suite 1A, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA. Howard B. Quigley, Craighead Beringia South, P.O. Box 160, Kelly, Wyoming, 83011, USA. beringiasouth@beringiasouth.org 1 Present address: Selway Institute, P.O. Box 929, Bellevue, ID 83313 ABSTRACT Wolves interact with a variety of carnivore species and their reestablishment may affect population dynamics of other carnivores, as well as alter carnivore community structure. Information regarding how wolf reestablishment influences reproductive and survival rates of sympatric cougars has not been documented, yet is relevant to cougar management and conservation in many western states. We assessed changes in reproductive parameters, survival rates, and factors affecting survival of cougars prior to (1987–1994) and after (1998–2005) wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park. We radio-marked 80 cougars including 55 kittens in 24 litters in the pre-wolf (PW) study and 83 cougars including 52 kittens in 24 litters during wolf presence (WP). Size of nursing litters (
subadults, and kittens, the study phase and wolf use and density were not important predictors of survival in our models. Model results indicate that survival of adult and independent, pre-dispersal cougars was influenced by (1) sex – females had higher survival rates than males; (2) age – females between 1 and 10 years of age had survival >0.80, males 3–8 yrs. old had survival of 0.7–0.8; (3) road density during the cougar hunting season – survival declined with an increasing density of km of road/km 2 during the cougar hunting season (Dec–Feb); and (4) elevation – cougars had highest survival at higher elevations. For kittens, results indicate that survival was influenced by (1) age – survival increased rapidly and asymptotes around 0.90 between 0.6 to 0.7 years of age; (2) season – survival was lower during winter; (3) elk calf biomass – survival increased with increasing minimum estimates of calf biomass; and (4) adult male density – kitten survival increased with adult male density (an index of male stability in our studies). Many of the differences in reproduction and survival between the two study phases are consistent with density-dependent influences. Although wolf use and wolf density were not important predictors of survival, cougars responded to wolf presence through spatial shifts which may influence intraspecific strife, reproduction, and possibly survival when examined on a longer time frame than our study. Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain Lion Workshop 151
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Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain L
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IN REMEMBRANCE There are giants who
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Distinguished Service Awards Mauric
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North Dakota Dorothy Fescke .......
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Evaluation of noninvasive genetic s
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Survival and ages of cougars harves
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Preface Chronology of Mountain Lion
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9 th Mtn. Lion Workshop Agenda Coug
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10:35-10:55 Estimating lion populat
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Movements of a female cougar on the
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State and Province Mountain Lion St
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160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Lions
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somewhat stable, though overall abu
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Idaho Cougar Ages 2002 2003 2004 20
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and that occurred in 1999 to a 13-y
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the approximately 15 other bills in
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for Project CAT; his primary focus
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Oregon Mountain Lion Status Report
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cougar seasons are 10 months long (
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Population Status and Trend Status
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California Mountain Lion Status Rep
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Number (i) The permit does not inva
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The steps in responding to a public
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during the attack, objects chewed o
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Montana Mountain Lion Status Report
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Red Desert basin. Mixed conifer and
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Table 1. Wyoming mountain lion mana
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(Fig. 4). Approximately 90% of all
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- Use of rubber bullets - Use of pe
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Literature Cited Anderson, C.R., JR
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Genetic Monitoring A recent study b
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Literature Cited Anderson, C. R., F
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Mule deer and bighorn sheep hunting
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In 1981, the Harvest Objective hunt
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more than 10% of Nevada’s 286,298
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Future Research The Department is c
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Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW
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Figure 1. Wildlife Management Units
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Figure 2. Cougar habitat in Utah. A
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Table 1. Utah cougar harvests, 1989
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while encouraging some hunter selec
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State’s management objectives (ma
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Stoner, D. C., W. Reith, M.L. Wolfe
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Figure 1. Colorado mountain lion Da
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Percent Q. Achievement & Success 65
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in which we request voluntary reduc
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Figure 6 is preliminary information
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humans, predation on pets, hobby st
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Arizona Mountain Lion Status Report
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Hunt Regulations Since the 8 th Mou
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The AZGFD supports the Cooperative
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South Dakota Mountain Lion Status R
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National Park [TRNP], Three Affilia
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Mountain lion carcasses were weighe
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Figure 2. Verified mountain lion lo
Page 111 and 112: In 2007, eleven mountain lions (n =
Page 113 and 114: increases or expansion. The overall
Page 115 and 116: Florida Mountain Lion Status Report
Page 117 and 118: interactions. Six categories of int
Page 119 and 120: cases (a large breed dog, miniature
Page 121 and 122: Interactions with Humans at the Urb
Page 123 and 124: Demographic and Landscape Influence
Page 125 and 126: Challenges and Opportunities Facing
Page 127 and 128: Caloosahatchee River will be depend
Page 129 and 130: Prospects for Mountain Lion Persist
Page 131 and 132: Habitat Use and Movements Proceedin
Page 133 and 134: Daily Movement Distances of Florida
Page 135 and 136: Refining the Use of GPS Telemetry C
Page 137 and 138: ural areas (hereafter, developed zo
Page 139 and 140: owned, of which over 50% were zoned
Page 141 and 142: Garmin ® (Garmin Ltd.) GPS units.
Page 143 and 144: the steplength and turnangle distri
Page 145 and 146: Table 1. Collar performance, time m
Page 147 and 148: depredation on goats newly introduc
Page 149 and 150: Paths derived from puma movement pa
Page 151 and 152: Table 6 and Fig. 3 display the perc
Page 153 and 154: even mortality from a heavily explo
Page 155 and 156: parcels) and non-preferred habitat
Page 157 and 158: CDFG 2000. California Department of
Page 159 and 160: Stralberg, D. and B. Williams. 2002
Page 161: Multi-Carnivore and Prey Interactio
Page 165 and 166: Cougar Home Range Shifts and Appare
Page 167 and 168: iomass, or directly when cougars ar
Page 169 and 170: Mountain Lion Movement Patterns in
Page 171 and 172: Genetics and Disease Proceedings of
Page 173 and 174: and CO2 rifles and biopsy darts (bo
Page 175 and 176: Estimation of the Bottleneck Size i
Page 177 and 178: A Preliminary Retrospective on the
Page 179 and 180: Population Estimation and Dynamics
Page 181 and 182: Dynamics and Demography of a Centra
Page 183 and 184: The Idaho Backcountry: Is it Still
Page 185 and 186: Study Areas and Methods We selected
Page 187 and 188: We calculated the proportion of res
Page 189 and 190: Warren Adult Female Sub Female Sub
Page 191 and 192: Harvest Rate Change Four long-term
Page 193 and 194: had increased to over 25% of the co
Page 195 and 196: editor. Proceedings of the Third Mo
Page 197 and 198: Censusing Pumas by Categorizing Phy
Page 199 and 200: Education and Social Issues Proceed
Page 201 and 202: The Land of the Living Dead Comes A
Page 203 and 204: Science and Education Working Toget
Page 205 and 206: Her dad was a cougar hunter, so Eve
Page 207 and 208: The Gray Whales’ Migration Journe
Page 209 and 210: 11) How do we manage real-time GPS
Page 211 and 212: harvest is not allowed. This reflec
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Key Concepts: Mountain Lion Managem
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Dispersal Movements of Subadult Cou
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Cougar Management Protocols: a Surv
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Response percent Response percent 1
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Table 2. Cougar population status b
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Table 5. Responses to what informat
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Rating average 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.
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Throughout the US and Canada, appro
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Percent Percent 100 90 80 70 60 50
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Table 8. Agency responses to what c
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the incident rated highest (67%). O
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Brochures/pamphlets/factsheets News
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In terms of education and outreach
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Population Status A vital prerequis
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agencies towards a standardized lan
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Literature Cited Anderson, C. R., a
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6) How does your agency solicit non
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19a) Hunting information Number of
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Game Warden/Conservation Officer Pr
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Cougars are not relocated when invo
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Other (explain) 45) What approaches
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Poster Session Proceedings of the N
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Generating an Index of Relative Abu
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Movements of a Female Cougar on the
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Survival and Ages of Cougars Harves
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Intra-specific Variation in Cougar
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Cougars in British Columbia: Conser
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Cougar-Induced Vigilance in Ungulat
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List of Participants First Name Las
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First Name Last Name Affiliation Ci
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First Name Last Name Affiliation Ci
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