Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain Lion Workshop - Carnivore ...

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Estimating Cougar Population Abundance in Northeast Oregon Scott L. Findholt, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850, USA, findhos@eou.edu Bruce K. Johnson, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850, USA, johnsobd@eou.edu ABSTRACT Cougars (Puma concolor) are wide-ranging, long-lived, and very secretive. Like other large carnivores, obtaining reliable estimates of cougar population densities is difficult. As part of a large study on factors influencing calf recruitment of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus), we estimated population densities of cougars, thus far over a 6-year period in 2 study areas of northeast Oregon. To determine population densities we used a capture-recapture (Lincoln-Petersen) estimator and a reconstructed population method at three different spatial scales. These results were compared to minimum population estimates of all adult (male and female) and subadult female cougars derived from radiocollaring individuals in each study area. We discuss the challenges of estimating population densities of cougars, reliability of different approaches, and management implications of our findings. Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain Lion Workshop 248
Survival and Ages of Cougars Harvested After Cougar Hunting With Dogs Was Banned in Oregon Scott L. Findholt, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850, USA, findhos@eou.edu Bruce K. Johnson, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850, USA, johnsobd@eou.edu DeWaine H. Jackson, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, 4192 N. Umpqua Highway, Roseburg, OR 97470, USA, dewaine.h.jackson@state.or.us James J. Akenson, University of Idaho, Taylor Ranch Field Station, HC 83 Box 8070, Cascade, ID 83611, USA, tayranch@hughes.net Mark Henjum, USDA Forest Service, 2517 S. W. Hailey Avenue, Pendleton, OR, 97801, USA, mhenjum@fs.fed.us ABSTRACT Cougar (Puma concolor) management changed in Oregon when Ballot Measure 18 passed in 1994, making it unlawful to use dogs for cougar hunting. In addition to Ballot Measure 18, several other changes were made that impacted cougar management in the state. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) Commission changed cougar hunting from controlled hunts with a limited number of hunters having access to trained dogs, to a statewide season with unlimited tags beginning in 1995. The hunting season was also expanded from 2 ½ to 4 months in 1994, and then to 7 months in 1995. The Oregon Legislature reduced the price of a cougar tag from $50.00 to $10.00 in 1997. Also in 1997, the Sport Pac license was developed for Oregon residents and it included a cougar tag with purchase of the license package. By 2001, the general cougar hunting season had been expanded to 10 months within the calendar year. ODFW also instituted a quota-based system of harvest management. Beginning in 2005, hunters could harvest a second cougar in all of eastern Oregon. Data will be presented from a statewide perspective and also from three intensive research studies conducted within the state. We will discuss changes to survival and ages of cougars harvested in response to the initiative that banned using dogs to hunt cougars. Additionally, we will discuss statutory and regulatory changes implemented since 1994 that have affected cougar management in Oregon. Initially, cougar harvest declined after the use of dogs was prohibited. In recent years, although cougar harvest has increased to levels observed prior to 1994, the proportion of total statewide cougar mortality caused by hunters has declined. Concurrent with the decline in harvest, the proportion of total cougar mortality attributed to hunting fell below 50% of the total known mortality for several years. Age composition of the harvest has also changed. With dogs available for hunting, hunters took mostly older male cougars, whereas without the use of dogs, the median age of cougars taken by hunters has declined. Overall annual survival appears higher now compared to when dogs were used to hunt cougars. However, numbers of cougars illegally killed may have increased. Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain Lion Workshop 249
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Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain L
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IN REMEMBRANCE There are giants who
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Distinguished Service Awards Mauric
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North Dakota Dorothy Fescke .......
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Evaluation of noninvasive genetic s
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Survival and ages of cougars harves
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Preface Chronology of Mountain Lion
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9 th Mtn. Lion Workshop Agenda Coug
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10:35-10:55 Estimating lion populat
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Movements of a female cougar on the
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State and Province Mountain Lion St
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160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Lions
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somewhat stable, though overall abu
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Idaho Cougar Ages 2002 2003 2004 20
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and that occurred in 1999 to a 13-y
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the approximately 15 other bills in
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for Project CAT; his primary focus
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Oregon Mountain Lion Status Report
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cougar seasons are 10 months long (
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Population Status and Trend Status
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California Mountain Lion Status Rep
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Number (i) The permit does not inva
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The steps in responding to a public
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during the attack, objects chewed o
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Montana Mountain Lion Status Report
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Red Desert basin. Mixed conifer and
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Table 1. Wyoming mountain lion mana
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(Fig. 4). Approximately 90% of all
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- Use of rubber bullets - Use of pe
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Literature Cited Anderson, C.R., JR
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Genetic Monitoring A recent study b
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Literature Cited Anderson, C. R., F
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Mule deer and bighorn sheep hunting
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In 1981, the Harvest Objective hunt
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more than 10% of Nevada’s 286,298
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Future Research The Department is c
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Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW
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Figure 1. Wildlife Management Units
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Figure 2. Cougar habitat in Utah. A
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Table 1. Utah cougar harvests, 1989
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while encouraging some hunter selec
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State’s management objectives (ma
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Stoner, D. C., W. Reith, M.L. Wolfe
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Figure 1. Colorado mountain lion Da
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Percent Q. Achievement & Success 65
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in which we request voluntary reduc
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Figure 6 is preliminary information
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humans, predation on pets, hobby st
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Arizona Mountain Lion Status Report
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Hunt Regulations Since the 8 th Mou
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The AZGFD supports the Cooperative
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South Dakota Mountain Lion Status R
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National Park [TRNP], Three Affilia
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Mountain lion carcasses were weighe
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Figure 2. Verified mountain lion lo
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In 2007, eleven mountain lions (n =
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increases or expansion. The overall
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Florida Mountain Lion Status Report
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interactions. Six categories of int
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cases (a large breed dog, miniature
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Interactions with Humans at the Urb
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Demographic and Landscape Influence
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Challenges and Opportunities Facing
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Caloosahatchee River will be depend
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Prospects for Mountain Lion Persist
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Habitat Use and Movements Proceedin
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Daily Movement Distances of Florida
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Refining the Use of GPS Telemetry C
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ural areas (hereafter, developed zo
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owned, of which over 50% were zoned
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Garmin ® (Garmin Ltd.) GPS units.
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the steplength and turnangle distri
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Table 1. Collar performance, time m
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depredation on goats newly introduc
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Paths derived from puma movement pa
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Table 6 and Fig. 3 display the perc
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even mortality from a heavily explo
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parcels) and non-preferred habitat
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CDFG 2000. California Department of
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Stralberg, D. and B. Williams. 2002
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Multi-Carnivore and Prey Interactio
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subadults, and kittens, the study p
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Cougar Home Range Shifts and Appare
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iomass, or directly when cougars ar
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Mountain Lion Movement Patterns in
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Genetics and Disease Proceedings of
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and CO2 rifles and biopsy darts (bo
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Estimation of the Bottleneck Size i
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A Preliminary Retrospective on the
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Population Estimation and Dynamics
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Dynamics and Demography of a Centra
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The Idaho Backcountry: Is it Still
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Study Areas and Methods We selected
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We calculated the proportion of res
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Warren Adult Female Sub Female Sub
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Harvest Rate Change Four long-term
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had increased to over 25% of the co
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editor. Proceedings of the Third Mo
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Censusing Pumas by Categorizing Phy
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Education and Social Issues Proceed
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The Land of the Living Dead Comes A
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Science and Education Working Toget
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Her dad was a cougar hunter, so Eve
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The Gray Whales’ Migration Journe
Page 209 and 210: 11) How do we manage real-time GPS
Page 211 and 212: harvest is not allowed. This reflec
Page 213 and 214: Key Concepts: Mountain Lion Managem
Page 215 and 216: Dispersal Movements of Subadult Cou
Page 217 and 218: Cougar Management Protocols: a Surv
Page 219 and 220: Response percent Response percent 1
Page 221 and 222: Table 2. Cougar population status b
Page 223 and 224: Table 5. Responses to what informat
Page 225 and 226: Rating average 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.
Page 227 and 228: Throughout the US and Canada, appro
Page 229 and 230: Percent Percent 100 90 80 70 60 50
Page 231 and 232: Table 8. Agency responses to what c
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Page 235 and 236: Brochures/pamphlets/factsheets News
Page 237 and 238: In terms of education and outreach
Page 239 and 240: Population Status A vital prerequis
Page 241 and 242: agencies towards a standardized lan
Page 243 and 244: Literature Cited Anderson, C. R., a
Page 245 and 246: 6) How does your agency solicit non
Page 247 and 248: 19a) Hunting information Number of
Page 249 and 250: Game Warden/Conservation Officer Pr
Page 251 and 252: Cougars are not relocated when invo
Page 253 and 254: Other (explain) 45) What approaches
Page 255 and 256: Poster Session Proceedings of the N
Page 257 and 258: Generating an Index of Relative Abu
Page 259: Movements of a Female Cougar on the
Page 263 and 264: Intra-specific Variation in Cougar
Page 265 and 266: Cougars in British Columbia: Conser
Page 267 and 268: Cougar-Induced Vigilance in Ungulat
Page 269 and 270: List of Participants First Name Las
Page 271 and 272: First Name Last Name Affiliation Ci
Page 273: First Name Last Name Affiliation Ci
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