Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain Lion Workshop - Carnivore ...

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died (t = 0.273, df = 17, p = 0.788). Thus, we were able to compare puma mortality proportions between groups using fates documented within the periods that animals were monitored. Table 2 displays the mean percent mortality for each puma group within the time of monitoring, excluding the death of SF901, 26 months post-capture. Developed-zone pumas were more likely to die (55.6%) than undeveloped-zone pumas (10%; χ 2 = 4.550, p = 0.033). Mortality rates did not differ between males and females (χ 2 = 1.310, p = 0.252) or between subadult and adult pumas (χ 2 = 0.224, p = 0.636). We also calculated 12-month puma mortality rates including only pumas that were tracked for a year or more, or died within the first 12 months of being monitored (Table 2). Overall, 30.8% of pumas (4 of 13) died within a year of collaring. Adult mortality was 25.0% (2 of 8), while 40.0% (2 of 5) of subadults died. All pumas killed within their first 12 months of being monitored were male, and 3 of 4 occupied the developed zone. The developed zone 12-month mortality rate was 42.9% (3 of 7) and the undeveloped zone rate was 16.7% (1 of 6). Table 2. Mortality of GPS-collared pumas by group during time of monitoring, and during first 12 months of monitoring, in California’s Western Sierra Nevada, 2002-2006. Puma Group Total mortality 12-month mortality n % n % All 19 31.6 13 30.8 Developed Zone 9 55.6* 7 42.9 Undeveloped Zone 10 10.0* 6 16.7 Male 9 44.4 7 57.1 Female 10 20.0 6 0.0 Adult 11 27.3 8 25.0 Subadult 8 37.5 5 40.0 *Pearson’s chi-square test indicates mortality difference between groups, α = 0.05.Adult male AM160 was the only undeveloped-zone puma that died while tracked by collar. The body was intact but cause was unknown. GPS collar data indicated AM160 and adult male AM190 were proximate to each other for several hours 14 days before AM160’s death, after which AM160’s movements shortened, but no recent external wounds were apparent. In the developed zone, tracks and wounds indicated subadult male SM119 was killed by an adult male puma, 7 months after collaring. SM119 was in thin, poor condition when killed. Subadult male 852b was killed on a busy multi-lane highway, 6 months after capture. AM852a, a 4-year old adult male, was killed due to depredation on sheep 10 weeks after capture. Adult female AF200 was killed 16 months post-capture due to Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain Lion Workshop 134
depredation on goats newly introduced to a large ranch. Developed-zone subadult females, SM901 and SM889, were collared as dependent juveniles, and both were killed post-independence for depredation on Barbados sheep on ranchette properties. Subadult female SF889 was in thin, poor condition at time of death. Dispersal Five subadult animals were collared as dependent juveniles, and an additional subadult was collared while already dispersing, at 13 ±1 months old. Dispersal parameter values are displayed in Table 3, including number of dispersal location fixes; minimum age of independence; age of dispersal; duration of dispersal movements; linear distance dispersed; summed distance traveled, direction moved; natal zone; zone where dispersal was completed; and puma fate. The collar of subadult female SF889 failed prior to independence from its collared mother, with only carcass location indicating dispersal, and age of independence and dispersal unknown. Table 3. Dispersal parameters for GPS-collared subadult pumas in California’s Western Sierra Nevada, 2002-2006. Puma ID: S = subadult, M = male, F = female. Zone: U = undeveloped, D = Developed. NA = Not applicable, puma did not disperse. Dispersal Parameter SM119 SM130 SM170 SF881 SF889 SF901 Age of independence 13 (mos, ±6 wks) 1 12 12 12 unknown 11 Age at dispersal (mos, ±1 month) 13 14 14 13 unknown NA Dispersal period (days) 108 124 147 2 56 unknown NA Euclidean distance dispersed (km) 23.2 38.4 141.1 27.2 16.2 0 Summed distance traveled (km) 138.7 86.3 194.0 31.5 unknown 0 Movement direction SW, N SW SW, SE SSE W NA Natal zone U U U U U D Dispersal zone D D D D D D Mortality: reason Y: puma N N N Y: Y: depredation depredation 1 Puma already independent when captured at 13 mos. of age. 2 Collar failed during dispersal. All pumas gained independence between 11 and 13 months of age, with a mean of 12 months (n = 5, margin of error 1.5 months). Five of 6 independence-aged animals dispersed, including all 3 males and 2 of 3 females. Documented dispersal age for 4 subadults ranged from 13 to 14 months with a mean of 13.5 months (margin of error 1 month). Dispersal movements were documented to proceed for a minimum of 56 to a Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain Lion Workshop 135
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Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain L
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IN REMEMBRANCE There are giants who
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Distinguished Service Awards Mauric
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North Dakota Dorothy Fescke .......
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Evaluation of noninvasive genetic s
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Survival and ages of cougars harves
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Preface Chronology of Mountain Lion
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9 th Mtn. Lion Workshop Agenda Coug
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10:35-10:55 Estimating lion populat
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Movements of a female cougar on the
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State and Province Mountain Lion St
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160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Lions
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somewhat stable, though overall abu
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Idaho Cougar Ages 2002 2003 2004 20
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and that occurred in 1999 to a 13-y
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the approximately 15 other bills in
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for Project CAT; his primary focus
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Oregon Mountain Lion Status Report
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cougar seasons are 10 months long (
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Population Status and Trend Status
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California Mountain Lion Status Rep
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Number (i) The permit does not inva
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The steps in responding to a public
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during the attack, objects chewed o
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Montana Mountain Lion Status Report
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Red Desert basin. Mixed conifer and
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Table 1. Wyoming mountain lion mana
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(Fig. 4). Approximately 90% of all
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- Use of rubber bullets - Use of pe
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Literature Cited Anderson, C.R., JR
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Genetic Monitoring A recent study b
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Literature Cited Anderson, C. R., F
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Mule deer and bighorn sheep hunting
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In 1981, the Harvest Objective hunt
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more than 10% of Nevada’s 286,298
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Future Research The Department is c
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Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW
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Figure 1. Wildlife Management Units
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Figure 2. Cougar habitat in Utah. A
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Table 1. Utah cougar harvests, 1989
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while encouraging some hunter selec
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State’s management objectives (ma
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Stoner, D. C., W. Reith, M.L. Wolfe
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Figure 1. Colorado mountain lion Da
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Percent Q. Achievement & Success 65
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in which we request voluntary reduc
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Figure 6 is preliminary information
Page 95 and 96: humans, predation on pets, hobby st
Page 97 and 98: Arizona Mountain Lion Status Report
Page 99 and 100: Hunt Regulations Since the 8 th Mou
Page 101 and 102: The AZGFD supports the Cooperative
Page 103 and 104: South Dakota Mountain Lion Status R
Page 105 and 106: National Park [TRNP], Three Affilia
Page 107 and 108: Mountain lion carcasses were weighe
Page 109 and 110: Figure 2. Verified mountain lion lo
Page 111 and 112: In 2007, eleven mountain lions (n =
Page 113 and 114: increases or expansion. The overall
Page 115 and 116: Florida Mountain Lion Status Report
Page 117 and 118: interactions. Six categories of int
Page 119 and 120: cases (a large breed dog, miniature
Page 121 and 122: Interactions with Humans at the Urb
Page 123 and 124: Demographic and Landscape Influence
Page 125 and 126: Challenges and Opportunities Facing
Page 127 and 128: Caloosahatchee River will be depend
Page 129 and 130: Prospects for Mountain Lion Persist
Page 131 and 132: Habitat Use and Movements Proceedin
Page 133 and 134: Daily Movement Distances of Florida
Page 135 and 136: Refining the Use of GPS Telemetry C
Page 137 and 138: ural areas (hereafter, developed zo
Page 139 and 140: owned, of which over 50% were zoned
Page 141 and 142: Garmin ® (Garmin Ltd.) GPS units.
Page 143 and 144: the steplength and turnangle distri
Page 145: Table 1. Collar performance, time m
Page 149 and 150: Paths derived from puma movement pa
Page 151 and 152: Table 6 and Fig. 3 display the perc
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Page 155 and 156: parcels) and non-preferred habitat
Page 157 and 158: CDFG 2000. California Department of
Page 159 and 160: Stralberg, D. and B. Williams. 2002
Page 161 and 162: Multi-Carnivore and Prey Interactio
Page 163 and 164: subadults, and kittens, the study p
Page 165 and 166: Cougar Home Range Shifts and Appare
Page 167 and 168: iomass, or directly when cougars ar
Page 169 and 170: Mountain Lion Movement Patterns in
Page 171 and 172: Genetics and Disease Proceedings of
Page 173 and 174: and CO2 rifles and biopsy darts (bo
Page 175 and 176: Estimation of the Bottleneck Size i
Page 177 and 178: A Preliminary Retrospective on the
Page 179 and 180: Population Estimation and Dynamics
Page 181 and 182: Dynamics and Demography of a Centra
Page 183 and 184: The Idaho Backcountry: Is it Still
Page 185 and 186: Study Areas and Methods We selected
Page 187 and 188: We calculated the proportion of res
Page 189 and 190: Warren Adult Female Sub Female Sub
Page 191 and 192: Harvest Rate Change Four long-term
Page 193 and 194: had increased to over 25% of the co
Page 195 and 196: editor. Proceedings of the Third Mo
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Censusing Pumas by Categorizing Phy
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Education and Social Issues Proceed
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The Land of the Living Dead Comes A
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Science and Education Working Toget
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Her dad was a cougar hunter, so Eve
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The Gray Whales’ Migration Journe
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11) How do we manage real-time GPS
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harvest is not allowed. This reflec
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Key Concepts: Mountain Lion Managem
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Dispersal Movements of Subadult Cou
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Cougar Management Protocols: a Surv
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Response percent Response percent 1
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Table 2. Cougar population status b
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Table 5. Responses to what informat
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Rating average 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.
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Throughout the US and Canada, appro
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Percent Percent 100 90 80 70 60 50
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Table 8. Agency responses to what c
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the incident rated highest (67%). O
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Brochures/pamphlets/factsheets News
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In terms of education and outreach
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Population Status A vital prerequis
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agencies towards a standardized lan
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Literature Cited Anderson, C. R., a
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6) How does your agency solicit non
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19a) Hunting information Number of
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Game Warden/Conservation Officer Pr
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Cougars are not relocated when invo
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Other (explain) 45) What approaches
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Poster Session Proceedings of the N
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Generating an Index of Relative Abu
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Movements of a Female Cougar on the
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Survival and Ages of Cougars Harves
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Intra-specific Variation in Cougar
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Cougars in British Columbia: Conser
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Cougar-Induced Vigilance in Ungulat
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List of Participants First Name Las
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First Name Last Name Affiliation Ci
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First Name Last Name Affiliation Ci
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