Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain Lion Workshop - Carnivore ...

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maximum of 147 days, although the male that moved for 147 days was still dispersing when its collar signal was lost. Collar locations indicated that sibling males SM170 and SM130 associated during dispersal for 42 ±7 days. All 5 pumas that dispersed were collared in undeveloped-zone natal ranges, and all but one female dispersed into the developed zone. The only puma that remained philopatric with its mother was female SF901, the only puma collared in a developed zone natal range. The 3 dispersing males all initially moved southwest, toward lower elevations and developed areas, although 2 eventually changed direction. The female that remained in the undeveloped zone dispersed south-southeast. Female SF889, from which only pre- and post-dispersal locations are known, moved west overall from the undeveloped zone to the developed zone. Collar-location data indicated that all dispersing animals crossed the home ranges of other collared pumas, and dispersal paths traversed all major sectors of the study area. All dispersing males crossed major highways, rivers and rural residential areas, and traveled from 86.3 to 194.0 km, measured as the sum of linear distances traveled every two weeks during dispersal. Males dispersed Euclidean distances 23.2 km to 141.1 km (μ = 67.6 km) away from their natal ranges. Female subadult SF881 traveled 31.5 km summed distance, and dispersed 27.2 km Euclidean distance from its natal range, while female SF889 dispersed 16.2 km Euclidean distance from its natal range. Male SM170 moved more than 80 km into the Auburn city limits, then across more than one hundred kilometers of rugged, mountainous terrain before collar signal cessation. Male SM119 briefly occupied a commercial area of the city of Placerville, before moving north to establish a long, narrow home range straddling multi-lane highway I-80, and being killed by another puma. Additionally, independent subadult male SM852b had already occupied a long, narrow home range stretched along highway I-50, at the time of collaring. SM852b was killed by a vehicle on the highway. Overall, 57.1% of the subadult animals (4 of 7) were known to have died during our study, all in the developed zone. Two of these were in thin, poor condition at time of death. Obstacles to movement Table 4 displays the expected and observed percentages of puma paths generated from GPS-collar location points that crossed highways, rivers, and dense residential developments. Highways occurred in the home range areas of all 6 developed-zone pumas and 4 of 6 undeveloped-zone pumas, for which collar downloads were obtained. Three developed-zone puma home range areas and all undeveloped-zone home range areas contained major rivers. Dense residential developments occurred in the home range areas of 5 developed zone pumas and 1 undeveloped-zone puma. Pumas crossed potential obstacle features far less often than predicted from paths generated using that animal’s movement data. Paired t-tests indicated that pumas crossed highways (t = 50.661, df = 9, p < 0.001), rivers (t = 11.873, df = 7, p < 0.001), and residential developments (t = 7.612 df = 5, p < 0.001) significantly less than expected. Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain Lion Workshop 136
Paths derived from puma movement patterns predicted that pumas would cross highways 785% more often, rivers 430% more often, and dense residential developments, 373% more often than was documented. A large majority (86.8%) of puma paths that crossed highways were within 300 m of creeks or rivers and associated highway bridges, and we occasionally noted puma tracks passing beneath these bridges. Table 4. Percent puma paths crossing potential obstacles in California’s Western Sierra Nevada; projected from GPS collar data 2002-2006. Puma ID: S = subadult, A = adult, J = juvenile, M = male, F = female. Expected crossings calculated as the percentage of 1000 points randomly generated using each puma’s movement parameter distribution, situated across the potential obstacle from an actual puma location point within a highway, river, or residential area buffer zone. Puma ID % Highway % River crossings % Residential area crossings crossings Expected Observed Expected Observed Expected Observed Exurban Zone SM119 37.1 7.6 36.1 3.3 32.9 16.4 SM130 31.0 4.5 31.8 5.8 28.6 3.9 AM852a 31.3 0.0 31.8 0.0 27.0 9.6 SM852b 29.8 0.2 NA NA NA NA AF200 30.7 3.4 NA NA 24.2 7.2 AF797 31.8 5.1 NA NA 26.7 8.5 Undeveloped Zone JM150 33.5 3.7 32.2 11.4 NA NA AM160 36.8 7.3 36.7 12.6 NA NA AM190 40.0 10.0 41.1 14.1 34.9 1.1 AF180 26.2 0.0 NA NA NA NA AF819 NA NA 30.6 16.0 NA NA AF868 NA NA 31.3 0.0 NA NA Mean % difference expected/observed 785.2* 429.7* 373.2* *Difference between observed and expected values for all pumas pooled using paired Student’s t-test, α = 0.05. Parcel size use For developed-zone animals, Table 5 and Fig. 2 display the percentage of puma locations by property parcel size class, versus the percent land coverage of those parcel classes in the animals’ home range areas. Paired t-tests indicated that pumas used the smaller parcel size classes of 0.10 to 5.00 acres (0.04 to 2.02 ha), 5.01 to 10.00 acres (2.03 to 4.05 ha), and 10.01 to 20.00 acres (4.05 to 8.09 ha), less than the land coverage of those parcel classes in the pumas’ home range areas (t = 3.688, df = 5, p = 0.014; t = 4.466, df = 5, p = 0.006; t = 2.612, df = 5, p = 0.048). Puma use of the 20.01- to 40.00-acre (8.10- to 16.19ha) parcel class did not differ from the spatial coverage of this class in the animals’ home Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain Lion Workshop 137
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Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain L
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IN REMEMBRANCE There are giants who
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Distinguished Service Awards Mauric
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North Dakota Dorothy Fescke .......
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Evaluation of noninvasive genetic s
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Survival and ages of cougars harves
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Preface Chronology of Mountain Lion
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9 th Mtn. Lion Workshop Agenda Coug
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10:35-10:55 Estimating lion populat
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Movements of a female cougar on the
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State and Province Mountain Lion St
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160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Lions
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somewhat stable, though overall abu
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Idaho Cougar Ages 2002 2003 2004 20
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and that occurred in 1999 to a 13-y
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the approximately 15 other bills in
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for Project CAT; his primary focus
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Oregon Mountain Lion Status Report
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cougar seasons are 10 months long (
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Population Status and Trend Status
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California Mountain Lion Status Rep
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Number (i) The permit does not inva
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The steps in responding to a public
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during the attack, objects chewed o
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Montana Mountain Lion Status Report
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Red Desert basin. Mixed conifer and
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Table 1. Wyoming mountain lion mana
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(Fig. 4). Approximately 90% of all
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- Use of rubber bullets - Use of pe
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Literature Cited Anderson, C.R., JR
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Genetic Monitoring A recent study b
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Literature Cited Anderson, C. R., F
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Mule deer and bighorn sheep hunting
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In 1981, the Harvest Objective hunt
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more than 10% of Nevada’s 286,298
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Future Research The Department is c
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Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW
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Figure 1. Wildlife Management Units
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Figure 2. Cougar habitat in Utah. A
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Table 1. Utah cougar harvests, 1989
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while encouraging some hunter selec
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State’s management objectives (ma
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Stoner, D. C., W. Reith, M.L. Wolfe
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Figure 1. Colorado mountain lion Da
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Percent Q. Achievement & Success 65
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in which we request voluntary reduc
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Figure 6 is preliminary information
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humans, predation on pets, hobby st
Page 97 and 98: Arizona Mountain Lion Status Report
Page 99 and 100: Hunt Regulations Since the 8 th Mou
Page 101 and 102: The AZGFD supports the Cooperative
Page 103 and 104: South Dakota Mountain Lion Status R
Page 105 and 106: National Park [TRNP], Three Affilia
Page 107 and 108: Mountain lion carcasses were weighe
Page 109 and 110: Figure 2. Verified mountain lion lo
Page 111 and 112: In 2007, eleven mountain lions (n =
Page 113 and 114: increases or expansion. The overall
Page 115 and 116: Florida Mountain Lion Status Report
Page 117 and 118: interactions. Six categories of int
Page 119 and 120: cases (a large breed dog, miniature
Page 121 and 122: Interactions with Humans at the Urb
Page 123 and 124: Demographic and Landscape Influence
Page 125 and 126: Challenges and Opportunities Facing
Page 127 and 128: Caloosahatchee River will be depend
Page 129 and 130: Prospects for Mountain Lion Persist
Page 131 and 132: Habitat Use and Movements Proceedin
Page 133 and 134: Daily Movement Distances of Florida
Page 135 and 136: Refining the Use of GPS Telemetry C
Page 137 and 138: ural areas (hereafter, developed zo
Page 139 and 140: owned, of which over 50% were zoned
Page 141 and 142: Garmin ® (Garmin Ltd.) GPS units.
Page 143 and 144: the steplength and turnangle distri
Page 145 and 146: Table 1. Collar performance, time m
Page 147: depredation on goats newly introduc
Page 151 and 152: Table 6 and Fig. 3 display the perc
Page 153 and 154: even mortality from a heavily explo
Page 155 and 156: parcels) and non-preferred habitat
Page 157 and 158: CDFG 2000. California Department of
Page 159 and 160: Stralberg, D. and B. Williams. 2002
Page 161 and 162: Multi-Carnivore and Prey Interactio
Page 163 and 164: subadults, and kittens, the study p
Page 165 and 166: Cougar Home Range Shifts and Appare
Page 167 and 168: iomass, or directly when cougars ar
Page 169 and 170: Mountain Lion Movement Patterns in
Page 171 and 172: Genetics and Disease Proceedings of
Page 173 and 174: and CO2 rifles and biopsy darts (bo
Page 175 and 176: Estimation of the Bottleneck Size i
Page 177 and 178: A Preliminary Retrospective on the
Page 179 and 180: Population Estimation and Dynamics
Page 181 and 182: Dynamics and Demography of a Centra
Page 183 and 184: The Idaho Backcountry: Is it Still
Page 185 and 186: Study Areas and Methods We selected
Page 187 and 188: We calculated the proportion of res
Page 189 and 190: Warren Adult Female Sub Female Sub
Page 191 and 192: Harvest Rate Change Four long-term
Page 193 and 194: had increased to over 25% of the co
Page 195 and 196: editor. Proceedings of the Third Mo
Page 197 and 198: Censusing Pumas by Categorizing Phy
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Education and Social Issues Proceed
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The Land of the Living Dead Comes A
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Science and Education Working Toget
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Her dad was a cougar hunter, so Eve
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The Gray Whales’ Migration Journe
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11) How do we manage real-time GPS
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harvest is not allowed. This reflec
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Key Concepts: Mountain Lion Managem
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Dispersal Movements of Subadult Cou
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Cougar Management Protocols: a Surv
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Response percent Response percent 1
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Table 2. Cougar population status b
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Table 5. Responses to what informat
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Rating average 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.
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Throughout the US and Canada, appro
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Percent Percent 100 90 80 70 60 50
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Table 8. Agency responses to what c
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the incident rated highest (67%). O
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Brochures/pamphlets/factsheets News
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In terms of education and outreach
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Population Status A vital prerequis
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agencies towards a standardized lan
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Literature Cited Anderson, C. R., a
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6) How does your agency solicit non
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19a) Hunting information Number of
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Game Warden/Conservation Officer Pr
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Cougars are not relocated when invo
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Other (explain) 45) What approaches
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Poster Session Proceedings of the N
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Generating an Index of Relative Abu
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Movements of a Female Cougar on the
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Survival and Ages of Cougars Harves
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Intra-specific Variation in Cougar
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Cougars in British Columbia: Conser
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Cougar-Induced Vigilance in Ungulat
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List of Participants First Name Las
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First Name Last Name Affiliation Ci
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First Name Last Name Affiliation Ci
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