Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain Lion Workshop - Carnivore ...

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Foraging Ecology of Jaguars in the Southern Pantanal, Brazil: Kill Rates, Predation Patterns, and Species Killed Eric M. Gese, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 USA, eric.gese@usu.edu . Sandra M. C. Cavalcanti, Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322 USA ABSTRACT The jaguar (Panthera onca) is a large carnivore in the neotropics of Central and South America. To date, kill rates and predation patterns by jaguars remains undocumented. Previous data on jaguar foraging has been mainly determined through anecdotal predation events or scat analysis. We studied the foraging ecology of jaguars living on a cattle ranch in the southern Pantanal of Brazil, documenting kill rates, characteristics of prey killed (species and age), patterns of predation (circadian and seasonal), and duration at the kill site and between kills in relation to prey size. Between October 2001 and November 2003, we captured and equipped 10 jaguars with global positioning system (GPS) collars. During 30 months (October 2001 to April 2004), we collected 11,787 GPS locations and identified 1,105 clusters of locations as sites of concentrated use (e.g., potential kill sites, bed sites, dens). Of these, we found prey remains at 415 clusters (kill sites) and documented 438 prey items at these sites. We found individual jaguars differed in their selection of prey they killed. There were differences in the proportion of native prey versus cattle killed by individual cats. Between males and females, there was no difference in relation to the proportion of cattle they killed. In contrast, male jaguars killed a higher proportion of peccaries than female jaguars. The mean predation rate on all prey for all jaguars combined was 5.1 ± 5.0 (SD) days between kills. Predation rates varied among individuals with the oldest jaguar having the lowest predation rate (7.1 ± 5.6 days between kills) and the youngest cat having the highest predation rate (3.6 ± 3.4 days). The length of time in which they killed again depended upon prey size; jaguars stayed longer at a carcass and killed less frequently when preying on larger prey. Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain Lion Workshop 152
Cougar Home Range Shifts and Apparent Decrease in Cougar Abundance in the Southern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Drew Reed, Craighead Beringia South, P.O. Box 147, Kelly, WY 83011, USA, drew@bswy.us Travis Bartnick, Craighead Beringia South, P.O. Box 147, Kelly, WY 83011, USA, travisdbartnick@yahoo.com Marilyn Cuthill, Craighead Beringia South, P.O. Box 147, Kelly, WY 83011, USA, chambley56@hotmail.com Dan McCarthy, Craighead Beringia South, P.O. Box 147, Kelly, WY 83011, USA, danmccarthy26@yahoo.com Howard Quigley, Craighead Beringia South, P.O. Box 147, Kelly, WY 83011, USA, hquigley@attglobal.net Derek Craighead, Craighead Beringia South, P.O. Box 147, Kelly, WY 83011, USA, Derek@bswy.us ABSTRACT The stability of large mammalian populations is considered relatively constant over short periods of time (< 5 yrs) unless strong human influences are active or disease plays a role. Dramatic fluctuations in numbers and distribution are rarely documented except as they relate to human-influenced populations. This also appears to be the case in cougar populations. Beginning in 2001 and continuing through 2005, six adult radiocollared cougars (5 Females, 1 Male) were tracked intensively to document cougar home ranges, movements, and predation within the Buffalo Fork River drainage northeast of Jackson, Wyoming. Cougar locations were obtained through ground-based telemetry, GPS collars, aerial telemetry, and capture locations. We used LOAS 4.0 triangulation software to derive the ground-based telemetry locations; all other methods produced a single UTM location. We documented the death and non-replacement of three adult female resident cougars in the focal area. These deaths presented no evidence of human cause or influence. In addition, two adult female residents shifted their home ranges, one of which partially overlapped her previous area and the other seemingly abandoned her previous area. Both of these females were raising kittens of less than one year old at the time of their home-range shifts. The cause of these population changes are difficult to identify. No disease was documented; however, these changes were correlated with concurrent increases in wolves, decreases in prey abundance, and shifts in prey distribution. Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain Lion Workshop 153
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Proceedings of the Ninth Mountain L
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IN REMEMBRANCE There are giants who
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Distinguished Service Awards Mauric
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North Dakota Dorothy Fescke .......
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Evaluation of noninvasive genetic s
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Survival and ages of cougars harves
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Preface Chronology of Mountain Lion
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9 th Mtn. Lion Workshop Agenda Coug
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10:35-10:55 Estimating lion populat
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Movements of a female cougar on the
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State and Province Mountain Lion St
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160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Lions
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somewhat stable, though overall abu
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Idaho Cougar Ages 2002 2003 2004 20
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and that occurred in 1999 to a 13-y
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the approximately 15 other bills in
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for Project CAT; his primary focus
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Oregon Mountain Lion Status Report
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cougar seasons are 10 months long (
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Population Status and Trend Status
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California Mountain Lion Status Rep
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Number (i) The permit does not inva
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The steps in responding to a public
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during the attack, objects chewed o
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Montana Mountain Lion Status Report
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Red Desert basin. Mixed conifer and
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Table 1. Wyoming mountain lion mana
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(Fig. 4). Approximately 90% of all
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- Use of rubber bullets - Use of pe
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Literature Cited Anderson, C.R., JR
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Genetic Monitoring A recent study b
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Literature Cited Anderson, C. R., F
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Mule deer and bighorn sheep hunting
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In 1981, the Harvest Objective hunt
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more than 10% of Nevada’s 286,298
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Future Research The Department is c
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Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW
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Figure 1. Wildlife Management Units
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Figure 2. Cougar habitat in Utah. A
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Table 1. Utah cougar harvests, 1989
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while encouraging some hunter selec
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State’s management objectives (ma
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Stoner, D. C., W. Reith, M.L. Wolfe
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Figure 1. Colorado mountain lion Da
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Percent Q. Achievement & Success 65
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in which we request voluntary reduc
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Figure 6 is preliminary information
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humans, predation on pets, hobby st
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Arizona Mountain Lion Status Report
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Hunt Regulations Since the 8 th Mou
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The AZGFD supports the Cooperative
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South Dakota Mountain Lion Status R
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National Park [TRNP], Three Affilia
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Mountain lion carcasses were weighe
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Figure 2. Verified mountain lion lo
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In 2007, eleven mountain lions (n =
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Page 115 and 116: Florida Mountain Lion Status Report
Page 117 and 118: interactions. Six categories of int
Page 119 and 120: cases (a large breed dog, miniature
Page 121 and 122: Interactions with Humans at the Urb
Page 123 and 124: Demographic and Landscape Influence
Page 125 and 126: Challenges and Opportunities Facing
Page 127 and 128: Caloosahatchee River will be depend
Page 129 and 130: Prospects for Mountain Lion Persist
Page 131 and 132: Habitat Use and Movements Proceedin
Page 133 and 134: Daily Movement Distances of Florida
Page 135 and 136: Refining the Use of GPS Telemetry C
Page 137 and 138: ural areas (hereafter, developed zo
Page 139 and 140: owned, of which over 50% were zoned
Page 141 and 142: Garmin ® (Garmin Ltd.) GPS units.
Page 143 and 144: the steplength and turnangle distri
Page 145 and 146: Table 1. Collar performance, time m
Page 147 and 148: depredation on goats newly introduc
Page 149 and 150: Paths derived from puma movement pa
Page 151 and 152: Table 6 and Fig. 3 display the perc
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Page 155 and 156: parcels) and non-preferred habitat
Page 157 and 158: CDFG 2000. California Department of
Page 159 and 160: Stralberg, D. and B. Williams. 2002
Page 161 and 162: Multi-Carnivore and Prey Interactio
Page 163: subadults, and kittens, the study p
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Page 169 and 170: Mountain Lion Movement Patterns in
Page 171 and 172: Genetics and Disease Proceedings of
Page 173 and 174: and CO2 rifles and biopsy darts (bo
Page 175 and 176: Estimation of the Bottleneck Size i
Page 177 and 178: A Preliminary Retrospective on the
Page 179 and 180: Population Estimation and Dynamics
Page 181 and 182: Dynamics and Demography of a Centra
Page 183 and 184: The Idaho Backcountry: Is it Still
Page 185 and 186: Study Areas and Methods We selected
Page 187 and 188: We calculated the proportion of res
Page 189 and 190: Warren Adult Female Sub Female Sub
Page 191 and 192: Harvest Rate Change Four long-term
Page 193 and 194: had increased to over 25% of the co
Page 195 and 196: editor. Proceedings of the Third Mo
Page 197 and 198: Censusing Pumas by Categorizing Phy
Page 199 and 200: Education and Social Issues Proceed
Page 201 and 202: The Land of the Living Dead Comes A
Page 203 and 204: Science and Education Working Toget
Page 205 and 206: Her dad was a cougar hunter, so Eve
Page 207 and 208: The Gray Whales’ Migration Journe
Page 209 and 210: 11) How do we manage real-time GPS
Page 211 and 212: harvest is not allowed. This reflec
Page 213 and 214: Key Concepts: Mountain Lion Managem
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Dispersal Movements of Subadult Cou
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Cougar Management Protocols: a Surv
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Response percent Response percent 1
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Table 2. Cougar population status b
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Table 5. Responses to what informat
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Rating average 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.
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Throughout the US and Canada, appro
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Percent Percent 100 90 80 70 60 50
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Table 8. Agency responses to what c
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the incident rated highest (67%). O
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Brochures/pamphlets/factsheets News
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In terms of education and outreach
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Population Status A vital prerequis
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agencies towards a standardized lan
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Literature Cited Anderson, C. R., a
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6) How does your agency solicit non
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19a) Hunting information Number of
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Game Warden/Conservation Officer Pr
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Cougars are not relocated when invo
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Other (explain) 45) What approaches
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Poster Session Proceedings of the N
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Generating an Index of Relative Abu
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Movements of a Female Cougar on the
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Survival and Ages of Cougars Harves
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Intra-specific Variation in Cougar
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Cougars in British Columbia: Conser
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Cougar-Induced Vigilance in Ungulat
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List of Participants First Name Las
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First Name Last Name Affiliation Ci
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First Name Last Name Affiliation Ci
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