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(10) Three flow diagrams: Process for the production of whole soy flour in the home–simple, toasted, and blanched. (11) Koehring Brady 206 Crop Cooker; 2-page brochure insert. (12) Koehring Brady Extruder Cooker; 2-page brochure insert. Tables show: (1) Equipment needed for processing defatted soy flour; capacity 136 kg (300 lbs.) of soy flour in 8 hours of operation. (2) Characteristics and nutritional composition of soy beverage after filtration. (3) Initial investment in equipment used in making soymilk at the factory of Dr. Stephen Youngberg, in Peña Blanca, Honduras. (4) Cost estimates for the production of soymilk as made at the factory of Dr. Stephen Youngberg, in Peña Blanca, Honduras (in Lps. = lempiras). (5) Equipment and costs of the proposed Maisoy project in Honduras. Page 20: Work with soy in Africa is relatively recent if compared with early recorded work with soy in Asia. Many of the developing African nations recognize the nutritional needs of their population and have started to experiment with the soybean and soy products. Soybean variety trials have been conducted in the Ivory Coast, Rhodesia, Sierra Leone, and Mauritania. Ethiopia has incorporated soy flour and soybeans into traditional dishes. Ruanda and Nigeria have introduced soybean cultivation technology and local consumption, on account of the severe malnutrition that exists in those countries. Nigeria is producing soybeans for export.” Note: Looking at endnote 5 in this bibliography, which cites the source of this information about soy in Africa, it seems quite clear that the word “Mauritania” was accidentally and incorrectly substituted for the word “Mauritius” in the “Country Reports” (see p. 218 of these Reports). Page 20: In Honduras. The Ministry of Natural Resources, in cooperation with other organizations, has conducted soybean cultivation / production trials in selected areas in Honduras. In Comayagua, the company named Compañía Mejores Alimentos [Best Foods Company] initiated commercial soybean production within the last few years. Small projects of soybean production and consumption are prospering in communities in the following areas: Sonaguera, Colón; Tela, Atlántida; Buena Fé, Santa Bárbara; Las Animas, El Paraíso; Olanchito, Yoro y Barrancho, Choluteca. The goal of these projects is to introduce soya as a nutritional supplement in the local diet. These projects are carried out within homemaker’s clubs, schools, child dining halls, and various communities, with the support of CARE, CARITAS, The National Board of Social Comfort, like our communities and local agronomics. The largest area for cultivating soybeans is five blocks and the smallest is a quarter block. The majority of these projects can be found in the first stages of experimentation but the participants foresee good results. These small-scale projects are MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDOM FROM HUNGER 118 © Copyright Soyinfo Center 2011 important to note because they consist of cooperative efforts and are self-sufficient. On the other hand, the participants will manage their time and labor, and will be twice as motivated to incorporate soy into their daily menus. Address: Honduras. 274. Meals for Millions Foundation. 1977. The village texturizer: A low-cost machine for preparing texturized food products at the village level. Santa Monica, California; Mt. Rainier, Maryland: Volunteers in Technical Assistance. viii + 76 p. Sept. Illust. No index. 22 cm. [18 ref] • Summary: Contents: Introduction. 1. An introduction to texturized products. 2. Construction and assembly of the village texturizer. 3. Product experimentation and machine operation. Appendixes: 1. Designing a nutritious human food. 2. Use of the village texturizer in a small business. 3. Meals for millions. Bibliography. 275. Hafner, Fred. 1977. A tribute to Dr. Henry Borsook–An account of a man, a product, and a project. Unpublished manuscript. 6 p. Oct. 14. Unpublished manuscript. • Summary: In 1942 (during World War II) when Clifford Clinton needed help in developing a nutritious food from non-rationed materials to feed non-paying “customers” in his cafeteria on Olive Street in downtown Los Angeles, he contacted Dr. Henry Borsook, a biochemist at Cal-Tech. Mr. Clinton offered Dr. Borsook a monetary grant if he would undertake the project; Dr. Borsook accepted. Borsook used partially defatted soy grits or soy flour plus essential vitamins and minerals as the basic formula, then added salt, spices, and hydrolyzed vegetable protein. “The resulting product when mixed with water and heated in an oven formed a high protein, nutritious and tasty mush. This product was served from the steam table of the Clifton Cafeteria to those who had no money but were hungry and deserving of care. The product was well received by the destitute vagrants who looked to Mr. Clinton for a “hand out”; the developmental work of Dr. Borsook had met the need of the emergency created by the war. “Mr. Clinton was able to contract with Gentry, Inc. of Oxnard, California, to manufacture the product; Gentry was selected because they had available the spices needed for the product, as well as the blending facilities.” In 1946 when World War II came to an end the Meals for Millions (MFM) Foundation was born and the Borsook formula, renamed MPF, became the key component of a program to fight hunger throughout the world. Among the many fine people associated with the Foundation were Dr. Borsook, Clifford Clinton, Edmond Clinton, Florence Rose, Ernest Chamberlain, Hazel Hopkins, Bea Azedo, Reg Helfferich, Elsie Russell, Lloyd Bellisime, Gerlad [sic, Gerald] Miller, Col. “Sandy” Saunders, Larry Lyvman, Neal O’Donnell, Mark Sterner, Don Ebright and Peter Davies to name a few.
In 1958 General Mills relieved Gentry as the manufacturer of MPF. Eventually partially defatted soy grits were replaced by fully defatted soy grits, giving the product a higher protein content. And the following essential vitamins were added to the formula: Vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12. “Back in the days of the 3¢ postage stamp, the Foundation promoted MPF as ‘the 3¢ meal’; 2 ounces of MPF, costing only 3¢, provided 1/3 of the MDR for many valuable nutrients likely to be lacking in the diet of low income families in developing countries.” Dr. Albert Schweitzer [who died in 1965] used MPF extensively at his hospital in Lambarene, Gabon. Dr. Tom Dooley [who died in Jan. 1961] used MPF in his MEDICO hospital in Laos. 80,000 lb of MPF were used in the Biafran war in Nigeria. During the prisoner exchange with Cuba’s Castro in the mid-1960s, over 800,000 lb of MPF were shipped to Cuba and converted into MPF sausage. After earthquakes in Morocco, Turkey, and Central and South America, MPF was donated in time to relieve severe cases of protein shortage. In 1960 it was flown to needy orphanages in Morocco. 276. Meals for Millions Foundation. 1978. Annual report 1977: A commitment to self-help for a hungry world. Santa Monica, California: MFM Foundation. 9 panels. Each 9 x 23 cm. Complex folding. • Summary: Peter J. Davies is President and Chief Executive Officer; he resides at the New York office. On the orange, black and white cover is a photo of a little girl. MFM’s former logo of the plant growing in the upturned bowl is now at the bottom of the cover. Contents: Message from the president (The “trickledown” theory of investing in infrastructure does not work). Highlights of 1977: The Borsook Fund was established, the National Committee of Sponsors was formed, with Mrs. John Steinbeck as chairperson, generous grants were received from a long list of organizations, starting with US AID and PACT. Since 1974 MFM has emphasized self-help programs. moving away from distribution of MPF. Technical and material assistance (Ecuador, Honduras, Egypt, Korea, Jamaica, Kenya). Transfer of technology (Village texturizer, India–Robert and Jeanne Nave). Multi- Purpose Food (sent to Syracuse, New York). Technical and professional training (IIPFT, Bolivia). Nutrition education (Tucson, Arizona. In June 1977 MFM held its first Nutrition Education Workshop for 28 field nutritionists). Income for 1977 by source: $893,765 (total). Statement of functional expenses for the year ended Dec. 31, 1976 ($529,028). Board of Trustees. National Committee of Sponsors. MFM officers. A small portrait photo shows Peter Davies. Address: 1. 1800 Olympic Boulevard (P.O. Box 680), Santa Monica, California 90406; 2. 815 Second Ave., MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDOM FROM HUNGER 119 © Copyright Soyinfo Center 2011 Suite 501, New York City, NY 10017. Phone: (213) 829- 5337 or (212) 986-4170. 277. Chen, Philip S.; Chung, Helen D. 1978. Soybeans for health and longer life. New Canaan, Connecticut: Keats Publishing, Inc. xii + 178 p. Index. 18 cm. (A Pivot Health Book). • Summary: A revised and condensed pocketbook version of Chen and Chen 1956. Contents: Preface. Foreword. Introduction. Part I: Nutritive value of the soybean. 1. Protein. 2. Fat. 3. Carbohydrates and caloric value. 4. Minerals. 5. Vitamins. 6. Soybeans and world population. 7. Soybeans and disease. Part II: Soy products. 8. Soybean oil: Phosphatides, margarine. 9. Soybean oil meal: Gelsoy, Multi-Purpose Food. 10. Soy flour. 11. Concentrated soy protein products: Soy protein concentrates (Griffith Laboratories makes Isopro and GL-301), soy protein isolates, and textured or spun soy proteins. 12. Soy milk. 13. Soy cheese (tofu). 14. Soy sauce. 15. Soybean sprouts. Part III: Soybean culture and preservation. 16. Soybean culture. 17. Preservation of soybeans (preserving green soybeans by canning, freezing, and dehydration). Part IV: Recipes. 18. Soybeans and soybean pulp. 19. Soy flour: Breads, cakes, cookies, pies, soups, other recipes. 20. Soy grits and soy flakes. 21. Soy milk. 22. Soy cheese. 23. Soybean sprouts. Appendix: Soybean utilization (chart). References. Address: 1. PhD; 2. M.S. Both: USA. 278. Smith, Allan K.; Circle, S.J. eds. 1978. Soybeans: Chemistry and technology. Vol. 1. Proteins. Revised. Westport, Connecticut: AVI Publishing Co. xiii + 470 p. Illust. Index. 24 cm. [500+ ref] • Summary: This revised edition contains relatively few, unimportant changes from the original, classic 1972 edition. The following changes have been made: Addition of a 7line preface to the “revised second printing” dated 4 Oct. 1977, updating of a graph of U.S. soybean production (p. 1). Updating (to 1976) of a table on U.S. and world production of important oilseeds (soybeans, cottonseeds, peanuts, sunflower, rape, sesame) (p. 2). Minor textual changes on pages 18-19. Addition of a table showing distribution of the 3 leading soybean varieties in 14 major states and the percentage of acreage harvested for each variety in 1976 (e.g., in Illinois, Williams accounted for 25.1% of harvested acreage, Amsoy 17.3%, and Wayne 12.8%). And updating of a table on U.S. soybean production by state showing acreage harvested, yield per acre, and production for 1974, 1975, and 1976 (p. 32). The foreword, chapter titles, and index have not been changed at all. Note: Vol. 2 was never published. Address: 1. Oilseeds protein consultant, Hot Springs, Arkansas; 2. Oilseed protein consultant, Protein Technology, Richardson, Texas.
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MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDO
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Brief Chronology of Meals for Milli
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hungry and malnourished Brazilians.
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irth control pioneer Margaret Sange
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Clifton’s. 6 AM to Midnight.” O
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tables on the terraces at Clifton
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The meal contains the following mix
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Caltech kitchen palatability became
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had accused Williams of paying $15,
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41. Soybean Digest.1946. Grits and
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available leafy vegetable or fruit
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62. Los Angeles Times.1948. Multi-P
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check. It read: ‘Regardless of th
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“The product was used as an exten
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Note: This is the earliest document
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101. Hendrick, Kimmis. 1955. ‘Mea
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129; Courtesy The Nitragin Co.). (1
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114. Subrahmanyan, V.; Rama Rao, G.
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Last week, with the help of the U.S
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• Summary: Dr. Henry Borsook, pro
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secretary of the Meals for Millions
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“Its policy should not be restric
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142. Photograph of George Washingto
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• Summary: “The world-wide trav
Page 67 and 68: foods from soyabean: Soyabean milk,
Page 69 and 70: “The accompanying photo shows Rot
Page 71 and 72: importance is a long continued part
Page 73 and 74: (Multipurpose Food) is likely to be
Page 75 and 76: Meals for Millions.” 181. Flumerf
Page 77 and 78: 189. Chamberlain, Ernest R. 1964. R
Page 79 and 80: Springs Conference held by forty-fo
Page 81 and 82: exist for such a book about this ve
Page 83 and 84: also found itself in danger of coll
Page 85 and 86: nutritional value, and (4) communic
Page 87 and 88: MFM by two federal departments appe
Page 89 and 90: Then, unknown to MFM’s staff, “
Page 91 and 92: California. Mark Sterner is foreman
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Page 95 and 96: Millions Foundation symbolizes the
Page 97 and 98: 225. Soypro International Inc. 1969
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Page 101 and 102: intellectual and spiritual satisfac
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Page 105 and 106: serious famine from 1968-1970). Sch
Page 107 and 108: later used by the Hunger Project, f
Page 109 and 110: Wheat, 25.1 bu, 180 lb. Milk, 2,780
Page 111 and 112: Box 1666), Santa Monica, California
Page 113 and 114: as a means of selling their soybean
Page 115 and 116: MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDO
Page 117: • Summary: Peter J. Davies is now
Page 121 and 122: “The Wonseong County was from the
Page 123 and 124: eginning of that story is really ab
Page 125 and 126: • Summary: Peter J. Davies is pre
Page 127 and 128: previous year. Where the money come
Page 129 and 130: eflected in the food and nutrition
Page 131 and 132: pancake and waffle flour. He then t
Page 133 and 134: When Mark Sterner came in to MFM it
Page 135 and 136: 306. Kuzins, Rebecca. 1984. Cliffor
Page 137 and 138: They may well have received MPF. In
Page 139 and 140: photo-copy of the label we discusse
Page 141 and 142: Unfortunately this effort was not s
Page 143 and 144: INTSOY was conceived by the governm
Page 145 and 146: Note: Harlan H. Hobgood is presiden
Page 147 and 148: “LEC: When did you first become i
Page 149 and 150: Details on how to use the bibliogra
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Page 153 and 154: The president’s report (p. 3) beg
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Page 157 and 158: Guidelines (thin, 1969-1978). Quake
Page 159 and 160: • Summary: Christopher Dunford, P
Page 161 and 162: cover is a brown and white photo of
Page 163 and 164: Education. It’s been nearly three
Page 165 and 166: “That same drawer in that same fi
Page 167 and 168: 1994 total estimated population was
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There was scaffolding throughout th
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women in the program had skyrockete
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50% back at Davis. Of their time ov
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SUBJECT/GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX BY RECOR
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Middle Eastern country. Soybeans as
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CSY Agri-Processing, Inc. See Centr
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Fiber, Soy-Bran (Pulverized Soybean
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Isolated soy proteins. See Soy Prot
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Maize. See Corn / Maize Malnutritio
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Obituaries, Eulogies, Death Certifi
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Sesame Seed (Sesamum indicum) (Also
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Soybean Crushers (Europe). See Unil
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Tofu, Non-Soy Relatives (Such as Wi
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Wheat Gluten. 106 Whipping or foami
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