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film narrated by another friend you inspired, Florence, the actor Eddie Albert.” “In the spring of 1946 Meals for Millions Foundation was a dream in Clifford Clinton’s mind and heart. Dr. Henry Borsook had developed Multi-Purpose food at Caltech–was ready for the eating-is-believing test. Clinton had gone east to offer the new food to government relief authorities. He knocked on all the right doors, got all the wrong answers from government relief officials–from agricultural experts more concerned with farm incomes than with human hunger. This despite Dr. Paul de Kruif’s article in Reader’s Digest about MPF being the answer to Europe’s food problem... “But you read it, Florence. You had never feared a wild idea that made good sense. You had pioneered with Margaret Sanger in the conversion of humanity to the need for planned parenthood–then known as birth control. Now Mrs. Sanger’s pioneering work was done. New hands took charge. Mrs. Sanger was an aging invalid and you were with her in Tucson [Arizona], wondering what to do next when you heard about Clifford and Multi-Purpose Food.” Florence liked the idea, came to Los Angeles, and was asked to be executive director. Florence also brought Pearl Buck into the picture. A portrait photo shows Florence Rose. 219. Townsend, Dorothy. 1969. Clifford E. Clinton, restaurant owner and reformer, dies at 69. Los Angeles Times. Nov. 22. p. A1, A5. • Summary: The “colorful restaurateur, reformer of the 1930s, mayoral candidate, and founder of Meals for Millions diet late Thursday night [Nov. 20] of an apparent heart attack at his home.” He first gained recognition in Los Angeles during the Depression by initiating a policy of feeding the hungry. In a Times interview on April 17 of this year, he said his motive sprang from youthful experience as the son of missionary parents in China after the Boxer Rebellion. In the late 1930s he worked to fight gambling and vice in Los Angeles. In 1945 he declared himself a candidate for mayor and ran second to Fletcher Bowron in the primary election. Turning his attention again to the problem of hunger, he helped to fund research “that led to a formula utilizing meal-like protein residue which was called MPF– Multipurpose food.” Looking for a way to distribute MPF, Mr. Clinton spent a year unsuccessfully visiting government and United Nations agencies on the east coast. Then in 1946 he founded a private nonprofit organization named Meals for Millions Foundation. He is survived by his wife, Nelda; two sons, Edmond and Donald; a daughter, Mrs. Jean Roeschlaub, all of Los Angeles; 14 grandchildren; two brothers and four sisters. MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDOM FROM HUNGER 94 © Copyright Soyinfo Center 2011 Funeral services are to be held Monday at 2:30 p.m. at Hollywood Presbyterian Church, Forest Lawn Memorial Park Mortuary, Glendale. A large portrait photo shows Clifford E. Clinton. 220. SoyaScan Notes.1969. Clifford Clinton–Social Security Death Index (Overview). Nov. Compiled by William Shurtleff of Soyinfo Center. • Summary: According to the Social Security Death Index for “Clifford Clinton.” His Social Security number (SSN) is 551-07-8692. Issued by state of California. Date of birth: 3 Aug. 1900. Date of death: Nov. 1969. Estimated age at death: 69 years, 3 months. Last known residence: Los Angeles city, Los Angeles County, California. ZIP Code 90024. 221. Soybean Digest.1969. MPF provides protein for world’s hungry. Nov. p. 3. • Summary: Multi-purpose food, developed for the Meals for Millions Foundation nearly 25 years ago, “continues to provide vital protein-enrichment to the diets of the hungry both at home and abroad.” “Of equal significance, through the Foundation’s pilot plant and training center in Santa Monica, California, students from all over the world learn how to process their own protein-rich food supplement from their own resources. “Today, soy-based MPF is being manufactured in Japan, Brazil, Mexico, and Korea. These plants, operated by the inhabitants of the countries, with the technological assistance of Meals for Millions, personify the self-help philosophy of the Foundation which believes in a hand-up rather than a hand-out program.” A photo shows two young boys carrying a case of “Meals for Millions–Friendship Food.” 222. Lough, Adine Travis. 1969. The miracle of Meals for Millions. Meals for Million Foundation, Santa Monica, California. 3 p. 28 cm. • Summary: On the cover of this typeset 3-column brochure is printed in large letters: Our founder, Clifford E. Clinton. 1900-1969. “He was a friend of God and Man.” Reginald H. Helfferich, D.D. [Doctor of Divinity]. In the center of the cover a large portrait photo shows Clifford Clinton. The text of the brochure is based on an interview with Mr. and Mrs. Clinton conducted in 1969. “The view from Clifford Clinton’s windows high above Wilshire Boulevard in Los Angeles embraces” the sprawling city. Two “landmarks, not quite visible, make their presence very much felt to this man whose dedication to feeding the world’s hungry is legend. One man’s dream: On the east in downtown Los Angeles stands Clifton’s Cafeteria, a haven for the hungry from the days of the great depression through the present. To the west in Santa Monica, California, the Meals for
Millions Foundation symbolizes the hopeful future of one man’s dream, to which he personally has brought so much fulfillment. “The son of self-supporting missionary parents, Clinton, as a boy, saw the ravaging effects of malnutrition on the people of China where his parents were stationed. It was the small lad’s assignment to search out the blind infants (left to die by their parents because of their infirmity) and to bring them to the missionary school for nourishment, warmth, and later, their education. A grisly assignment for a child, but raised in the Christian philosophy of his parents, he knew only that he must help.” The missionary spirit was paramount in the lives of his parents. “‘Their faith in God and their indomitable spirit lent them the fiber to carry on their work under the most difficult circumstances. “‘My father first established himself in business–a restaurant on Market Street in San Francisco–so that he might be self supporting. Then, shortly after the Boxer Rebellion [1898-1900], he and my mother moved our whole family to the interior of North China so that they might perform their missionary work. The trip from Tientsin [pinyin: Tianjin] took three weeks by mule and oxcart–15 oxcarts in all–carrying family, furniture and all our goods. Certainly they intended it as a permanent move.’ “But in 1906, a brief two years later, the senior Clinton received word that his business in San Francisco had been completely destroyed by the earthquake. From the brevity of the cable, he did not at first realize that not only his business but much of the city had been demolished. “No longer self supporting, he left his wife and family in China and returned home to re-establish himself so he could continue his missionary work.” Eventually he returned to China to an established mission in southern China. He and his family had to learn the dialect of the new area. But they could never accept the harsh fact of so many people crippled by diseases, malnutrition, and starvation. Young Clifford Clinton returned to California to serve in World War I. He then worked with his father in his restaurant and later married the equally dedicated Nelda Patterson. But “the indelible awareness of the hungry of the world haunted this man’s being. “In 1931 [as the Great Depression was raging] he moved his wife, two sons and daughter to Los Angeles where he opened the first Clifton’s Cafeteria. While the location was changed over the years from 6th and Olive to 7th and Broadway, with off-shoot sites in other areas, the philosophy of the owner never vacillated. “Moral obligation to feed the hungry: ‘We offered to feed anyone who was hungry,’ Clinton said. ‘It was and is our earnest belief that anyone making money from the community must return a portion of that which he receives back to the community. It was our duty to serve them whether or not they could pay. MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDOM FROM HUNGER 95 © Copyright Soyinfo Center 2011 “‘You see, we believe the Golden Rule does work. All we had to decide was how to carry out that concept within our own field. It was perfectly obvious to us that we had an obligation to feed the hungry who came to our doors.’ “In the first 90-day period, over ten thousand people lined the streets around Clifton’s Cafeteria. These were depression years and the needy far outnumbered the paying customers. But Clinton would not go back on his word. “‘We had a moral obligation to fulfill our promise. We offered a full, standard meal–soup, salad, entree, dessert–for which people could pay 5¢ if they had it, or nothing if they did not.’ “Soon, in the frantic melee of the hungry rushing to feed their families, Clifton’s was so swamped that the paying customers could not get through the doors. Lines of hungry humanity encircled the cafeteria for blocks around. “‘We were having difficulty just staying in business but we would not go back on our word–we could not. The question was never whether we should give it up, it was, rather, how can we make it work?’ “They secured a site at 3rd and Hill and turned it into a cafeteria where the needy could be fed. They would receive a ticket at the 6th and Olive Clifton’s which was good for a complete meal at the new location. This practical solution to a seemingly impossible problem allowed business to continue unimpeded so that the promise of food to the hungry could be met.’ “Huge protein shortages: ‘Even as the needs of our local people were being resolved, we realized that we were making only a dent in the giant problem of world famine. Later, the second World War created huge protein shortages. It was impossible to provide nutrition for the more than two billion people who faced apparent starvation or who would succumb to the crippling diseases of malnutrition.’ “Impossible? The missionary’s son, reared in the philosophy of faith in God and service to humanity, could not allow himself to recognize that word. “Multi-Purpose Food (MPF) is born: With his wife he went to see Dr. Henry Borsook of Caltech. Clinton told the prominent research biochemist, ‘This is what I want. This is what I must have.” The specifications and requirements of the new food are listed. “‘It was a tall order,’ Mrs. Nelda Patterson Clinton smiled reflectively. ‘We were a little embarrassed. After all, Clinton was not a trained biochemist. However, as a humanitarian and a businessman, he saw the need from a practical angle. As far as biochemistry was concerned, we knew we had gone to the very top in Dr. Borsook.’ “Henry Borsook, whose chief research interest was protein synthesis and the place of vitamins in the diet, was excited and delighted. He knew that oilseeds such as soybeans, sesame and sunflower seeds are the best low-cost protein grown in quantity on most continents. In this country, millions of bushels were being pressed for
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MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDO
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Brief Chronology of Meals for Milli
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hungry and malnourished Brazilians.
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irth control pioneer Margaret Sange
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Clifton’s. 6 AM to Midnight.” O
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tables on the terraces at Clifton
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The meal contains the following mix
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Caltech kitchen palatability became
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had accused Williams of paying $15,
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41. Soybean Digest.1946. Grits and
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available leafy vegetable or fruit
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62. Los Angeles Times.1948. Multi-P
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check. It read: ‘Regardless of th
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Page 47 and 48: 101. Hendrick, Kimmis. 1955. ‘Mea
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Page 51 and 52: 114. Subrahmanyan, V.; Rama Rao, G.
Page 53 and 54: Last week, with the help of the U.S
Page 55 and 56: • Summary: Dr. Henry Borsook, pro
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Page 59 and 60: “Its policy should not be restric
Page 61 and 62: 142. Photograph of George Washingto
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Page 65 and 66: • Summary: “The world-wide trav
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Page 71 and 72: importance is a long continued part
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Page 77 and 78: 189. Chamberlain, Ernest R. 1964. R
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Page 91 and 92: California. Mark Sterner is foreman
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Page 97 and 98: 225. Soypro International Inc. 1969
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Page 111 and 112: Box 1666), Santa Monica, California
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Page 117 and 118: • Summary: Peter J. Davies is now
Page 119 and 120: In 1958 General Mills relieved Gent
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Page 125 and 126: • Summary: Peter J. Davies is pre
Page 127 and 128: previous year. Where the money come
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Page 131 and 132: pancake and waffle flour. He then t
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Page 135 and 136: 306. Kuzins, Rebecca. 1984. Cliffor
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Note: Harlan H. Hobgood is presiden
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“LEC: When did you first become i
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Details on how to use the bibliogra
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Address: 1644 DaVinci Court, P.O. B
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The president’s report (p. 3) beg
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Guidelines (thin, 1969-1978). Quake
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• Summary: Christopher Dunford, P
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cover is a brown and white photo of
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Education. It’s been nearly three
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“That same drawer in that same fi
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1994 total estimated population was
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There was scaffolding throughout th
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women in the program had skyrockete
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50% back at Davis. Of their time ov
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SUBJECT/GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX BY RECOR
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Middle Eastern country. Soybeans as
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CSY Agri-Processing, Inc. See Centr
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Fiber, Soy-Bran (Pulverized Soybean
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Isolated soy proteins. See Soy Prot
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Maize. See Corn / Maize Malnutritio
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Obituaries, Eulogies, Death Certifi
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Sesame Seed (Sesamum indicum) (Also
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Soybean Crushers (Europe). See Unil
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Tofu, Non-Soy Relatives (Such as Wi
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Wheat Gluten. 106 Whipping or foami
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