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“A plant having a capacity of about 800 kg./day has been erected in Indonesia with the financial assistance of UNICEF and the technical assistance of FAO. Saridele is manufactured from a mixture of soybeans and decorticated sesame in the proportion of 4:1. Malt extract from maize may be used to replace 50% of the cane sugar used. Soybean and sesame are soaked for about six hours and then disintegrated finely, together with 7 volumes of hot water. The slurry is stirred vigorously and then filtered. The filtered liquid is heated under pressure for 10 minutes at 120ºC., then flashcooled and formulated with Vitamin A, in oil solution, and malt, if desired. The formulated liquid is homogenized, concentrated in a vacuum evaporator to about 22% solids, then spray-dried. The powder finally is sifted and blended with finely ground cane sugar, and calcium carbonate, riboflavin, ascorbic acid and Vitamin B 12 added; the mixture may be flavored with vanilla or chocolate.” A table compares the nutritional composition of whole dried cow’s milk and Saridele (based on a leaflet from Saridele Ltd., Indonesia). Address: FAO, Rome. 139. Product Name: [Protea]. Foreign Name: Protea. Manufacturer’s Name: Proteinas S.A. de C.V. Manufacturer’s Address: Mexico. Date of Introduction: 1959. November. Ingredients: Incl. soy flour. New Product–Documentation: E. Orr. 1972. Tropical Products Inst. G73. The use of protein-rich foods for the relief of malnutrition in developing countries: an analysis of experience. p. 17. “In the 1950s General Mills, in collaboration with a local entrepreneur, set up in Mexico a company, Proteinas S.A. de C.V., to develop a market for Protea. The original Protea was essentially the soya-based Multi-Purpose Food, developed in the USA and sponsored by the Meals for Millions Foundation, for whom General Mills acts as supplier. In its early days the company offered Protea on the retail market and was also the principal supplier of the soya flour used for the Conasupo products. Little detailed information is available about this enterprise. It is known that General Mills withdrew, and that the company has been carried on for some years by the local entrepreneur. It supplies ‘industrial ingredients’ to the food and pharmaceutical industries in Mexico and also produces consumer products under the Protea trade mark. The latter differ markedly from the original Protea, which had a very high protein content... Sales are said to be currently at a level of $20,000 per month and are made mainly to institutions, although there are plans for a concentrated effort to develop the retail outlet, which would appear at present to be embryonic.” Note: This is the earliest known commercial soy product made in Mexico, or in Central America. MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDOM FROM HUNGER 60 © Copyright Soyinfo Center 2011 140. Soybean Digest.1959. General Mills to market MPF. Nov. p. 20. • Summary: “Multi-Purpose Food, a dietary protein concentrate, providing a low-cost source of essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals, will be manufactured and marketed by General Mills, Inc., effective Dec. 1. This announcement was made jointly by Sewall D. Andrews, Jr., vice president and general manager of the oilseeds division of General Mills, Minneapolis [Minnesota], and Clifford E. Clinton, president of the Meals for Millions Foundation, Inc., of Los Angeles. “Multi-Purpose Food (MPF) is the widely publicized ‘3¢ meal’ originally developed by Dr. Henry Borsook at the California Institute of Technology. It is a soybean product. It has been introduced into more than 100 countries since 1946 by the nonprofit Meals for Millions Foundation. Two ounces of MPF provide one-third of the recommended daily dietary allowance for protein, vitamins A, D, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, iron, calcium, phosphorus and iodine... “‘Now,’ Clinton stated, ‘it will be possible to meet the ever growing demand from Americans who wish to purchase MPF and utilize its benefits...’ “Initially, Andrews stated, MPF will be introduced to institutions, schools, relief agencies, camps and restaurants, as a stable, fortified, low-cost, protein food in concentrated form. It will also be available to Civil Defense agencies for use in case of national emergency or major disasters. “The arrangement entered into with General Mills will enable the Foundation to expand its worldwide educational program, using MPF as an example of how dietary deficiencies, of malnourished people can be corrected through the application of 20th century food technology to abundant, available materials of great nutritional value, the use of which as human food is now greatly restricted.” 141. Photograph of Clifford Clinton (about 1957-59) with his wife Nelda. 1959. • Summary: Taken in San Pedro, California (Los Angeles Harbor) on the dockside of the Nordanger, a freighter destined for South America; this was strictly a pleasure cruise. In 1947-48 the catchy song “Slow Boat to China” was popular. Many people in those days took freighters because they liked the shipboard life and the various ports of call; it was more the journey than the destination that was important. This photo and date were sent to Soyinfo Center by Donald Clinton, son of Clifford Clinton (Jan. 2011).
142. Photograph of George Washington Honor Medal of Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge. 1959. • Summary: The medal cites Meals for Millions Foundation “for outstanding achievement in bringing about a better MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDOM FROM HUNGER 61 © Copyright Soyinfo Center 2011 understanding of the American way of life.” (1956-1959) This photo and date were sent to Soyinfo Center by Chris Dodson of Freedom from Hunger Foundation, Davis, California (Nov. 2010). 143. Product Name: MPF (Multi-Purpose Food). Manufacturer’s Name: General Mills, Inc., Specialty Products Div. Manufacturer’s Address: 9200 Wayzata Blvd., Minneapolis 26, Minnesota. Date of Introduction: 1959. Dec. Ingredients: Incl. defatted soybean meal. New Product–Documentation: Wall Street Journal. 1959. “General Mills plans to make low-cost ‘multi-purpose’ food.” Oct. 14. On Dec. 1 General Mills plans to begin manufacture and sale of multi-purpose food, a soy-based product aimed at providing low-cost nutrition. Ad (full page) in Soybean Digest. 1961. June. p. 23. “5 General Mills soy products help meet world protein needs.” “MPF: Multi-Purpose Food is the vital backbone of a lowcost meal. It provides the high-quality protein, vitamins and minerals needed in the diet.” Soybean Digest Blue Book. 1969. p. 114. “Produces soy Multi Purpose Food.” Address: General Mills, Inc. Chemical Div., 4620 W. 77th St., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55435. An undated 4-panel leaflet (from about 1969), titled “General Mills MPF,” is printed in red and blue on beige. On the front panel: “A concentrated food, consisting of protein-rich soy granules, essential vitamins and minerals– precooked, ready to use. Available in two forms: Coarse granular, or fine granular. On the two inside pages are given: The ingredients. Nutrition information per portion. Percentage of U.S. Recommended Daily Allowances in one serving. MPF–For emergency use (disaster). In daily meal planning: Breakfast, lunch, dinner. For more information write to: General Mills Chemicals, Inc., 4620 West 77th St., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55435.” Inserted is a “Consumer order form” for MPF: The Multi-Purpose Food. Each of the two textures is $4.50 per can, or $24.30 per case of 10 cans. A black and white photo shows the can. Mail to: General Mills, Inc., 400 Second Ave. So., Dept. 175. Minneapolis, Minnesota 55440. 144. Tiner, Hugh M. 1960. Meals for Millions: A 3-cent ‘lunch’ fights hunger and malnutrition. Rotarian (The) 96(5):51. May. • Summary: Tells the story of Clifford Clinton, Meals for Millions, and MPF (Multi-Purpose Food). Describes how many different Rotary Clubs in the USA have sent MPF overseas for use in relief and rehabilitation projects in Costa Rica, Portugal, Greece, Korea, Mexico, Ceylon, Hong Kong, and India. “Last year $247,000 poured into the
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MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDO
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Brief Chronology of Meals for Milli
Page 9 and 10: hungry and malnourished Brazilians.
Page 11 and 12: MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDO
Page 17 and 18: irth control pioneer Margaret Sange
Page 19 and 20: Clifton’s. 6 AM to Midnight.” O
Page 21 and 22: tables on the terraces at Clifton
Page 25 and 26: The meal contains the following mix
Page 27 and 28: Caltech kitchen palatability became
Page 29 and 30: had accused Williams of paying $15,
Page 31 and 32: 41. Soybean Digest.1946. Grits and
Page 33 and 34: available leafy vegetable or fruit
Page 37 and 38: 62. Los Angeles Times.1948. Multi-P
Page 41 and 42: check. It read: ‘Regardless of th
Page 43 and 44: “The product was used as an exten
Page 45 and 46: Note: This is the earliest document
Page 47 and 48: 101. Hendrick, Kimmis. 1955. ‘Mea
Page 49 and 50: 129; Courtesy The Nitragin Co.). (1
Page 51 and 52: 114. Subrahmanyan, V.; Rama Rao, G.
Page 53 and 54: Last week, with the help of the U.S
Page 55 and 56: • Summary: Dr. Henry Borsook, pro
Page 57 and 58: secretary of the Meals for Millions
Page 59: “Its policy should not be restric
Page 65 and 66: • Summary: “The world-wide trav
Page 67 and 68: foods from soyabean: Soyabean milk,
Page 69 and 70: “The accompanying photo shows Rot
Page 71 and 72: importance is a long continued part
Page 73 and 74: (Multipurpose Food) is likely to be
Page 75 and 76: Meals for Millions.” 181. Flumerf
Page 77 and 78: 189. Chamberlain, Ernest R. 1964. R
Page 79 and 80: Springs Conference held by forty-fo
Page 81 and 82: exist for such a book about this ve
Page 83 and 84: also found itself in danger of coll
Page 85 and 86: nutritional value, and (4) communic
Page 87 and 88: MFM by two federal departments appe
Page 89 and 90: Then, unknown to MFM’s staff, “
Page 91 and 92: California. Mark Sterner is foreman
Page 93 and 94: ack, given to his father, Clifford
Page 95 and 96: Millions Foundation symbolizes the
Page 97 and 98: 225. Soypro International Inc. 1969
Page 99 and 100: “The first Clifton’s cafeteria
Page 101 and 102: intellectual and spiritual satisfac
Page 103 and 104: qualified (by personal participatio
Page 105 and 106: serious famine from 1968-1970). Sch
Page 107 and 108: later used by the Hunger Project, f
Page 109 and 110: Wheat, 25.1 bu, 180 lb. Milk, 2,780
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Box 1666), Santa Monica, California
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as a means of selling their soybean
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• Summary: Peter J. Davies is now
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In 1958 General Mills relieved Gent
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“The Wonseong County was from the
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eginning of that story is really ab
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• Summary: Peter J. Davies is pre
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previous year. Where the money come
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eflected in the food and nutrition
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pancake and waffle flour. He then t
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When Mark Sterner came in to MFM it
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306. Kuzins, Rebecca. 1984. Cliffor
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They may well have received MPF. In
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photo-copy of the label we discusse
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Unfortunately this effort was not s
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INTSOY was conceived by the governm
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Note: Harlan H. Hobgood is presiden
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“LEC: When did you first become i
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Details on how to use the bibliogra
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Address: 1644 DaVinci Court, P.O. B
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The president’s report (p. 3) beg
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Guidelines (thin, 1969-1978). Quake
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• Summary: Christopher Dunford, P
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cover is a brown and white photo of
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Education. It’s been nearly three
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“That same drawer in that same fi
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1994 total estimated population was
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There was scaffolding throughout th
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women in the program had skyrockete
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50% back at Davis. Of their time ov
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SUBJECT/GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX BY RECOR
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Middle Eastern country. Soybeans as
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CSY Agri-Processing, Inc. See Centr
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Fiber, Soy-Bran (Pulverized Soybean
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Isolated soy proteins. See Soy Prot
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Maize. See Corn / Maize Malnutritio
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Obituaries, Eulogies, Death Certifi
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Sesame Seed (Sesamum indicum) (Also
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Soybean Crushers (Europe). See Unil
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Tofu, Non-Soy Relatives (Such as Wi
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Wheat Gluten. 106 Whipping or foami
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