MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDOM FROM HUNGER 142 © Copyright Soyinfo <strong>Center</strong> 2011
INTSOY was conceived by the government with relatively little focus on starting new business in Sri Lanka. When the government lost interest or money, the program stalled <strong>and</strong> eventually fizzled out. (3) The Soyabean Foods Research <strong>Center</strong> used state <strong>of</strong> the art technology <strong>from</strong> the USA <strong>and</strong> Europe. But this technology was inappropriate in Sri Lanka except <strong>for</strong> potential large <strong>soy</strong>food processing businesses. The <strong>Center</strong> would probably have been much more effective if it had been conceived as a center where people who wanted to start new businesses came to learn how to make <strong>soy</strong>foods, such as t<strong>of</strong>u, <strong>soy</strong>milk, <strong>soy</strong> yogurt, roasted <strong>soy</strong> flour, etc., then returned home with a small loan <strong>and</strong> with the necessary equipment, plus plenty <strong>of</strong> follow-up <strong>from</strong> the program. (4) The idea <strong>of</strong> making <strong>soy</strong>foods at home has never worked anywhere in the world; it takes too much time. Making them on a village level will work if the village is large enough to support one person who makes the <strong>soy</strong>foods or, equally good, if a group <strong>of</strong> people in the village <strong>for</strong>ms a cooperative, individuals or small teams can make one or more <strong>soy</strong>foods on a rotating basis. That way each member would get fresh <strong>soy</strong>foods each day free <strong>of</strong> charge. (5) The program gave little emphasis to edamame / green vegetable <strong>soy</strong>beans as a new garden vegetable. (6) From about 1983 until 2009 there was a terrible civil war in Sri Lanka between the militant Tamil Tigers in the north <strong>and</strong> the government <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka in the south. The Tigers fought to create an independent Tamil state named Tamil Eelam in the north <strong>and</strong> the east <strong>of</strong> the isl<strong>and</strong>. After a 30 year long military campaign, the Sri Lankan military defeated the Tamil Tigers in May 2009. But this war took the government’s attention <strong>and</strong> resources away <strong>from</strong> many other worthwhile projects–including <strong>soy</strong>beans <strong>and</strong> <strong>soy</strong>foods. Address: Lafayette, Cali<strong>for</strong>nia. Phone: 415-283-2991. 321. Jayasena, Hewage. 1985. Re: Current developments. Letter to William Shurtleff at Soyfoods <strong>Center</strong>, July 23. 1 p. Typed, with signature. • Summary: There was a little peace though violence by the [Tamil] terrorists has again broken out in the North. He has just returned <strong>from</strong> attending the 18th World Conference <strong>of</strong> the Society <strong>for</strong> International Development, which was held in Rome <strong>from</strong> July 1-4. He will answer Shurtleff’s several enquiries about <strong>soy</strong>beans <strong>and</strong> Meals <strong>for</strong> Millions in Sri Lanka within the next few weeks. Address: 185 Baseline Rd., Colombo 9, Sri Lanka. 322. Harper, Judson M.; Jansen, G. Richard. 1985. Production <strong>of</strong> nutritious precooked foods in developing countries by low-cost extrusion technology. Food Reviews International 1(1):27-97. [53 ref] • Summary: Contents: Introduction: Importance <strong>of</strong> weaning foods, centrally processed weaning foods, transition <strong>from</strong> imported to locally processed weaning foods. Manufacturing alternatives: Extrusion processing, roller MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDOM FROM HUNGER 143 © Copyright Soyinfo <strong>Center</strong> 2011 drum drying process, spray drying process, baked products line, milling process, selection <strong>of</strong> alternative processes, production capacity range, capital costs, operating costs, type <strong>of</strong> weaning food product, type <strong>of</strong> packaging, local equipment, energy, skill requirements, sanitation requirements, summary. Capabilities <strong>and</strong> limitations <strong>of</strong> LECs: Characteristics <strong>of</strong> low-cost extrusion cookers, Brady extruder (M&N Distributors, Torrance, Cali<strong>for</strong>nia; or CIATECH, Chihuahua, Mexico), Insta-Pro extruder (Div. <strong>of</strong> Triple “F” Feeds, Des Moines, Iowa), Anderson extruder (Clevel<strong>and</strong>, Ohio), summary <strong>of</strong> LEC characteristics. Cost associated with LEC plants: Elements <strong>of</strong> a LEC plant, plant costs, manufacturing costs, project planning <strong>and</strong> implementation, preliminary study, project implementation. Cereal/legume blends: Specifications, energy, protein, dietary fiber, vitamins <strong>and</strong> minerals, ingredients, storage stability, calorie density, protein quality evaluation (corn/ <strong>soy</strong> blends, corn/sorghum blends with cottonseed), metabolic studies in human infants <strong>and</strong> preschool children (extruded corn/<strong>soy</strong> blends, extruded sorghum). Full-fat <strong>soy</strong> flour: Storage studies, protein nutritional value, rat growth evaluation, baking study, potential utility <strong>of</strong> extrusion processed full-fat <strong>soy</strong> flour. Applications in developing countries: Sri Lanka (1976, Thriposha). Costa Rica (1976, 1979, Frescorchata). Tanzania (May 1978, Lisha). Guyana (1979, Cerex). Mexico (CIATECH 1978, many products), other commercial applications (Pro-Nutre in San Jose, Costa Rica; Mai<strong>soy</strong> in Santa Cruz, Bolivia), miscellaneous developments (INCAP in Guatemala, Meals <strong>for</strong> Millions in Korea, PINFST in the Philippines, Thail<strong>and</strong>, Leche Arroz in Ecuador {an extruded mixture <strong>of</strong> ground broken rice <strong>and</strong> whole <strong>soy</strong>}). Technology transfer (Colorado State University). Discussion. Summary. Sources <strong>of</strong> funding <strong>for</strong> this publication. Figures: (1) Graph <strong>of</strong> infant mortality rate vs. duration <strong>of</strong> breast feeding <strong>for</strong> 19 countries (mostly developing countries). In general, the longer the breast feeding, the greater the infant mortality. (2) Extruder, showing rotating screw which <strong>for</strong>ces product through a discharge die. (3) Typical extrusion process <strong>for</strong> food production (<strong>from</strong> storage bin to packaging). (4) Schematic <strong>of</strong> roller drum drying process <strong>for</strong> food production. (5) Typical spray drying process <strong>for</strong> weaning food production. (6) Systematic <strong>of</strong> baking line to make biscuits. (7) Systematic <strong>of</strong> simple missing process. (8) Cross sectional schematic <strong>of</strong> Brady extruder. (9) Photo <strong>of</strong> Insta-Pro 500 extruder. (10) Anderson extruder showing braker bolts, water / steam injectors, <strong>and</strong> face cutter. (11) Diagram <strong>of</strong> sequential processing operations <strong>of</strong> a LEC processing plant. (12) PERT chart showing key steps in feasibility study to establish essential process parameters. (13) PERT chart showing steps necessary to complete a central processing facility <strong>for</strong> weaning foods. (14) Viscosity <strong>of</strong> uncooked or cooked gruels made <strong>from</strong> raw dehulled corn or dehulled corn extruded
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Brief Chronology of Meals for Milli
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hungry and malnourished Brazilians.
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MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDO
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irth control pioneer Margaret Sange
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Clifton’s. 6 AM to Midnight.” O
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tables on the terraces at Clifton
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MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDO
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The meal contains the following mix
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Caltech kitchen palatability became
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had accused Williams of paying $15,
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41. Soybean Digest.1946. Grits and
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available leafy vegetable or fruit
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MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDO
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62. Los Angeles Times.1948. Multi-P
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MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDO
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check. It read: ‘Regardless of th
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“The product was used as an exten
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Note: This is the earliest document
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101. Hendrick, Kimmis. 1955. ‘Mea
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129; Courtesy The Nitragin Co.). (1
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114. Subrahmanyan, V.; Rama Rao, G.
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Last week, with the help of the U.S
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• Summary: Dr. Henry Borsook, pro
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secretary of the Meals for Millions
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“Its policy should not be restric
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142. Photograph of George Washingto
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MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDO
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• Summary: “The world-wide trav
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foods from soyabean: Soyabean milk,
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“The accompanying photo shows Rot
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importance is a long continued part
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(Multipurpose Food) is likely to be
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Meals for Millions.” 181. Flumerf
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189. Chamberlain, Ernest R. 1964. R
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Springs Conference held by forty-fo
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exist for such a book about this ve
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also found itself in danger of coll
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nutritional value, and (4) communic
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MFM by two federal departments appe
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Then, unknown to MFM’s staff, “
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Tofu, Non-Soy Relatives (Such as Wi
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Wheat Gluten. 106 Whipping or foami