history of meals for millions, soy, and freedom from ... - SoyInfo Center

INTSOY was conceived by the government with relatively
little focus on starting new business in Sri Lanka. When the
government lost interest or money, the program stalled and
eventually fizzled out. (3) The Soyabean Foods Research
Center used state of the art technology from the USA and
Europe. But this technology was inappropriate in Sri Lanka
except for potential large soyfood processing businesses.
The Center would probably have been much more effective
if it had been conceived as a center where people who
wanted to start new businesses came to learn how to make
soyfoods, such as tofu, soymilk, soy yogurt, roasted soy
flour, etc., then returned home with a small loan and with
the necessary equipment, plus plenty of follow-up from the
program. (4) The idea of making soyfoods at home has
never worked anywhere in the world; it takes too much
time. Making them on a village level will work if the village
is large enough to support one person who makes the
soyfoods or, equally good, if a group of people in the
village forms a cooperative, individuals or small teams can
make one or more soyfoods on a rotating basis. That way
each member would get fresh soyfoods each day free of
charge. (5) The program gave little emphasis to edamame /
green vegetable soybeans as a new garden vegetable. (6)
From about 1983 until 2009 there was a terrible civil war in
Sri Lanka between the militant Tamil Tigers in the north and
the government of Sri Lanka in the south. The Tigers fought
to create an independent Tamil state named Tamil Eelam in
the north and the east of the island. After a 30 year long
military campaign, the Sri Lankan military defeated the
Tamil Tigers in May 2009. But this war took the
government’s attention and resources away from many other
worthwhile projects–including soybeans and soyfoods.
Address: Lafayette, California. Phone: 415-283-2991.
321. Jayasena, Hewage. 1985. Re: Current developments.
Letter to William Shurtleff at Soyfoods Center, July 23. 1 p.
Typed, with signature.
• Summary: There was a little peace though violence by the
[Tamil] terrorists has again broken out in the North. He has
just returned from attending the 18th World Conference of
the Society for International Development, which was held
in Rome from July 1-4. He will answer Shurtleff’s several
enquiries about soybeans and Meals for Millions in Sri
Lanka within the next few weeks. Address: 185 Baseline
Rd., Colombo 9, Sri Lanka.
322. Harper, Judson M.; Jansen, G. Richard. 1985.
Production of nutritious precooked foods in developing
countries by low-cost extrusion technology. Food Reviews
International 1(1):27-97. [53 ref]
• Summary: Contents: Introduction: Importance of weaning
foods, centrally processed weaning foods, transition from
imported to locally processed weaning foods.
Manufacturing alternatives: Extrusion processing, roller
MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDOM FROM HUNGER 143
© Copyright Soyinfo Center 2011
drum drying process, spray drying process, baked products
line, milling process, selection of alternative processes,
production capacity range, capital costs, operating costs,
type of weaning food product, type of packaging, local
equipment, energy, skill requirements, sanitation
requirements, summary. Capabilities and limitations of
LECs: Characteristics of low-cost extrusion cookers, Brady
extruder (M&N Distributors, Torrance, California; or
CIATECH, Chihuahua, Mexico), Insta-Pro extruder (Div. of
Triple “F” Feeds, Des Moines, Iowa), Anderson extruder
(Cleveland, Ohio), summary of LEC characteristics. Cost
associated with LEC plants: Elements of a LEC plant, plant
costs, manufacturing costs, project planning and
implementation, preliminary study, project implementation.
Cereal/legume blends: Specifications, energy, protein,
dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals, ingredients, storage
stability, calorie density, protein quality evaluation (corn/
soy blends, corn/sorghum blends with cottonseed),
metabolic studies in human infants and preschool children
(extruded corn/soy blends, extruded sorghum). Full-fat soy
flour: Storage studies, protein nutritional value, rat growth
evaluation, baking study, potential utility of extrusion
processed full-fat soy flour. Applications in developing
countries: Sri Lanka (1976, Thriposha). Costa Rica (1976,
1979, Frescorchata). Tanzania (May 1978, Lisha). Guyana
(1979, Cerex). Mexico (CIATECH 1978, many products),
other commercial applications (Pro-Nutre in San Jose, Costa
Rica; Maisoy in Santa Cruz, Bolivia), miscellaneous
developments (INCAP in Guatemala, Meals for Millions in
Korea, PINFST in the Philippines, Thailand, Leche Arroz in
Ecuador {an extruded mixture of ground broken rice and
whole soy}). Technology transfer (Colorado State
University). Discussion. Summary. Sources of funding for
this publication.
Figures: (1) Graph of infant mortality rate vs. duration
of breast feeding for 19 countries (mostly developing
countries). In general, the longer the breast feeding, the
greater the infant mortality. (2) Extruder, showing rotating
screw which forces product through a discharge die. (3)
Typical extrusion process for food production (from storage
bin to packaging). (4) Schematic of roller drum drying
process for food production. (5) Typical spray drying
process for weaning food production. (6) Systematic of
baking line to make biscuits. (7) Systematic of simple
missing process. (8) Cross sectional schematic of Brady
extruder. (9) Photo of Insta-Pro 500 extruder. (10) Anderson
extruder showing braker bolts, water / steam injectors, and
face cutter. (11) Diagram of sequential processing
operations of a LEC processing plant. (12) PERT chart
showing key steps in feasibility study to establish essential
process parameters. (13) PERT chart showing steps
necessary to complete a central processing facility for
weaning foods. (14) Viscosity of uncooked or cooked gruels
made from raw dehulled corn or dehulled corn extruded