Poverty Dimensions of Public Governance and Forest Management ...

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Annex 1: 22 Pestle-carving . . 2 . . . 0.5 Mortar-carving 3.5 . . . . . 0.5 Hoe-handle making . . 2 . . . 0.5 Palm-wine tapping . . . 0.3 . 0.5 Petty-trading 11 4 9 5 10 12 8 Artisan 10 . 20 16 16 . 11 Casual labourer . , , 7 . . 1.5 Women Off-farm incomes 54 57 80 40 59 56 56 Natural resource exploitation . 12 3 2 . . 3 Charcoal . 12 3 2 . . 3 Petty trading 41 19 37 19 32 32 31 Prepared food 14 15 23 7 23 8 14 Pito brewing . 4 11 2 . 8 4
Annex 2: 1 Annex 2: Cropping systems 2.1 Cropping profiles in the districts Cropping systems in the transition zone of Brong Ahafo are complex and diverse. In the survey of 6 settlements, 818 farm plots and 389 farmers, over 150 different cropping combinations were found. The dominant crops cultivated include yam, cassava, maize groundnut, sorghum, plantain cocoyam, bambara beans, cowpea, tomato, okro, pepper, and garden egg. Small quantities of rice are cultivated in valley bottoms. The dominant tree crop cultivated is cashew with some farmers also investing in teak plantations. Cassava is the most commonly cultivated crop. It is cultivated by 76 percent of surveyed farmers on 45 percent of farm plots. It is a prominent crop in both northern parkland environments and southern deciduous forest areas. Yam is also very important and is cultivated by 71 percent of farmers on 36 percent of plots. Yams tend to be more important in the northern parkland environments than in the southern semi-deciduous forest. Maize is the third most important crop, and is grown by 60 percent of farmers on 35 percent of plots. Maize is important in both parkland environments and the southern deciduous forests, but is more prominent in the southern high forest fringe areas. Groundnut is the fourth most important crop, which is grown by 48 percent of farmers on 24 percent of plots. While groundnut is normally a savanna crop it has acquired importance in some of the high forest fringe communities. Groundnut is also a crop in which women specialise. Seventy percent of women in the sample cultivate groundnuts as compared to only 29 percent of men. Fewer women cultivate yams, cassava and maize than men. Intercropping is more common than monocropping in the transition zone, with 62 percent of farm plots in the sample being grown intercropped , as compared to 38 percent monocropped. It is only at Kokoago that (among men) monocropping prevails over intercropping. The predominance of monocropping is indicative of the commercial orientation of farming. High rates of monocropping indicate market specialisation and a focus on maximising commercial yields of a narrow crop range. Intercropping is more associated with risk management strategies that attempt to hedge against the vagaries of markets, rainfall and pest attack. Monocropping is frequently associated with use of high inputs. Maize is frequently cultivated as a monocrop using inorganic fertiliser and tractor ploughing. However, groundnut is also an important monocrop, which is cultivated without the use of fertilisers. At Kokoago the high rates of monocropping reflect the adoption of high-input farming techniques.
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Final Technical Report: NRSP Projec
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Acro
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ANNEXES ANNEX 1: A Brief History of
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Abbreviations and Acronyms AgGDP CF
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3 3. The ways in which multiple sta
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5 Underpinning the study is a conce
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7 4. Outputs This study is of a res
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9 Figure 4.1 The Brong Ahafo Region
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11 3. Recent disputes over charcoal
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13 ! The local interests which can
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15 The first purpose of this report
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17 ! Where densities are higher, th
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19 In recent years, new factors hav
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21 4.1.8 Main circuits for land acq
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23 With the increasing commodificat
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25 In many instances, the relations
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27 environment. The framework of na
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29 Table 4. 5 Distribution of crops
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31 4.1.13 Agricultural intensificat
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33 economy may also have unforeseen
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35 Table 4.7 Usage of inputs and me
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37 In the more northerly yam farmin
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39 4.1.17 Farmer adaptation and inn
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41 Systems perspectives have domina
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43 and youth migrate in search of a
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45 the northern transition zone whe
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47 As regards decentralised environ
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49 These three are not mutually exc
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51 4.2 Output 2: ‘Potential alter
Page 59 and 60: 53 It requires District departments
Page 61 and 62: 55 government will strengthen natio
Page 63 and 64: 57 4.2.5 Entry Points for research
Page 65 and 66: 59 6. This information should also
Page 67 and 68: 61 The final output of this compone
Page 69 and 70: 63 4.3 Output 3: ‘Increased aware
Page 71 and 72: 65 4.3 Comparison between planned a
Page 73 and 74: 67 The statistics used here were si
Page 75 and 76: 69 5.1.2 Study sites " In the north
Page 77 and 78: 71 Geography, University of Ghana,
Page 79 and 80: 73 6. Environmental Assessment 6.1
Page 81 and 82: 75 7. Contribution of Outputs As a
Page 83 and 84: 77 The District administration is a
Page 85 and 86: CN00/057: ‘Poverty dimensions of
Page 87 and 88: 81 Activities: Milestones: Budget:
Page 89 and 90: Annex 1: 1 Annex 1: A brief history
Page 91 and 92: Annex 1: 3 At both state farms the
Page 93 and 94: Annex 1: 5 and knowledge. Thus, ong
Page 95 and 96: Annex 1: 7 Regions, originally to t
Page 97 and 98: Annex 1: 9 • Rights of spouses. W
Page 99 and 100: Annex 1: 11 Table 1.3 Sources of me
Page 101 and 102: Annex 1: 13 reflected in the larger
Page 103 and 104: Figure 1.2 (continued) Annex 1: 15
Page 105 and 106: Annex 1: 17 User rights in land bec
Page 107 and 108: Annex 1: 19 1.2.4 Migrants’ Acces
Page 109: 1.4 Supplementary livelihoods Annex
Page 113 and 114: Annex 2: 3 Table 2.1 Distribution o
Page 115 and 116: Annex 2: 5 Table 2.2 Crops cultivat
Page 117 and 118: Annex 2: 7 Table 2.3 Percentage of
Page 119 and 120: Annex 2: 9 Given the abundance of l
Page 121 and 122: Annex 2: 11 Table 2.6 Fallow interv
Page 123 and 124: Annex 2: 13 Table 2.8 Usage of inpu
Page 125 and 126: Annex 2: 15 2.5 Case studies 2.5.1
Page 127 and 128: Annex 2: 17 around Ejura, for insta
Page 129 and 130: Annex 2: 19 Given recent dramatic c
Page 131 and 132: Annex 2: 21 This capacity for adapt
Page 133 and 134: Annex 2: 23 Table 2.11 Tree varieti
Page 135 and 136: Annex 2: 25 Within charcoal produci
Page 137 and 138: Annex 2: 27 cocoa, which was plante
Page 139 and 140: Annex 2: 29 interest to the researc
Page 141 and 142: Annex 3: 1 Annex 3: Managing the En
Page 143 and 144: Annex 3: 3 for local government bas
Page 145 and 146: Figure 3.1: Structure of the Distri
Page 147 and 148: Annex 3: 7 and a functioning secret
Page 149 and 150: Annex 3: 9 The Forestry Service has
Page 151 and 152: Annex 3: 11 council, their mandate
Page 153 and 154: Annex 3: 13 the needs of their cons
Page 155 and 156: Annex 3: 15 Given the poor linkages
Page 157 and 158: Annex 3: 17 transport the charcoal.
Page 159 and 160: Annex 3: 19 produced from live tree
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Annex 3: 21 does the extent of thei
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Annex 3: 23 1978, the PNDC formed P
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Annex 3: 25 ! Integrating sector pl
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Annex 3: 27 (13 districts) = 22 By
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Annex 3: 29 argue, the reforms are
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Appendix to Annex 3: 2 administrati
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Appendix to Annex 3: 4 The overall
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Appendix to Annex 3: 6 i. Problems
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Appendix to Annex 3: 8 c) Tradition
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Annex 4: 1 Annex 4: The Way Forward
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Annex 4: 3 4.1.1 Institutional mech
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Annex 4: 5 be submitted to the dist
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Annex 4: 7 and tractor ploughing, t
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Annex 4: 9 4.4 The Proposed Program
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Annex 4: 11 To cover the second of
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Annex 4: 13 Coursey, D.H. (1976) "T
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