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Annex 3: 12 3.2.4 Chiefs and natural resource management Chiefs are playing increasingly important roles in natural resource management. Their authority emanates from their claims to ultimate ownership of the land and rights to establish customary bye-laws over usage of the land. Apart from having rights to gain fees from migrants exploiting natural resources in their domains, chiefs are increasingly being empowered to enact environmental bye-laws and fine transgressors. In 2001 the Brong Ahafo Regional Co-ordinating Council has proposed a new bye-law which will hold the traditional authorities responsible for the outbreak of bush fires in their areas. Traditional authorities are now busy enacting bye-laws to control bush-fires. The bye-law enacted by the Wenchi Traditional Authority on 25 th October 2001 recommends that every village under Wenchi Traditional Authority should set up an Anti-Bush Fire Volunteer Squad and that there should be no bush burning between 1 st December and 31 st March each year. Among the causes of bush fires it identifies “recalcitrant farmers who insist on burning their new farms at the wrong time”. The bye-law establishes the fine for burning a farm without the supervision of Fire Volunteers as ¢500,000. 3.2.5 District Chief Co-ordinating Executives and Natural Resource Management The DCE is an appointed official of the government whose main role is to present the government’s development policy to the District and ensure that the District Development Policy reflects government policy. The DCEs are thus accountable to government rather than to the district electorate, although they can be removed by a vote of confidence of two thirds of the assembly. In environmental policy, the role of the DCE is to present the government’s environmental policy and to ensure that it is implemented within the district. This tends to reinforce a top-down approach, which is more concerned with ensuring that the population of the district adheres to national policy than that national policy is informed by the needs of the electorate of the district. 3.2.6 The role of Assembly Members and Unit Committees in Natural Resource Management Within the prevailing structures of current district administration it would be difficult for Assembly members or Unit Committees to question environmental policy or to seek to adapt it to
Annex 3: 13 the needs of their constituencies. Environmental policy tends to be transmitted to the Districts as a set of prescriptions which Assembly Members and Unit Committees are required to implement. For instance, the Bye-Laws against Bush Fires enacted by the Wenchi Traditional Area with sanction from the Regional Co-ordinating Council require the Unit Committees and ‘Assemblyman’, alongside the chief of the village, the chief hunter, and ‘a woman’ (unspecified) to set up a committee to supervise Fire Volunteers in implementing the bye-laws. There are no provisions for Assembly Members and Unit Committees to set up a consultative community fora to examine the problem of fire and devise suitable solutions. There are also few avenues through which Assembly Members and Unit Committees can get access to dispassionate information on the environment, since most information is disseminated to the districts in a rhetorical and prescriptive form defining a series of necessary actions which need to be taken to preserve the environment and regulate its utilisation by the rural population. Given these constraints the main options open to Assembly Members and Unit Committees are to: 1. act as spokespersons for government environmental policy and advocate the relentless implementation of bye-laws at the risk of unpopularity and future electoral failure; OR: 2. ignore environmental policy and implement it half-heartedly; OR: 3. take advantage of the considerable confusion, conflicting responsibilities of different authorities and lack of accountability to community organisations to engage in rent-seeking behaviour. Linkages and consultation mechanisms to bring together Assembly Members, Unit Committees and the rural inhabitants are poorly developed. In the survey of farmers, 54 percent of the respondents claimed that they did not attend meetings with the Assembly Member or Unit Committee and 79 percent felt that the Assembly Member and Unit Committee did not perform useful development functions. Of the 21 percent who felt the Assembly Member and Unit Committee were of some help, the overwhelming majority (17 percent of respondents) saw their role as the provision of social services. Other useful functions ascribed included the re-gravelling of roads (two percent),
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Final Technical Report: NRSP Projec
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Acro
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ANNEXES ANNEX 1: A Brief History of
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Abbreviations and Acronyms AgGDP CF
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3 3. The ways in which multiple sta
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5 Underpinning the study is a conce
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7 4. Outputs This study is of a res
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9 Figure 4.1 The Brong Ahafo Region
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11 3. Recent disputes over charcoal
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13 ! The local interests which can
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15 The first purpose of this report
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17 ! Where densities are higher, th
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19 In recent years, new factors hav
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21 4.1.8 Main circuits for land acq
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23 With the increasing commodificat
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25 In many instances, the relations
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27 environment. The framework of na
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29 Table 4. 5 Distribution of crops
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31 4.1.13 Agricultural intensificat
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33 economy may also have unforeseen
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35 Table 4.7 Usage of inputs and me
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37 In the more northerly yam farmin
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39 4.1.17 Farmer adaptation and inn
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41 Systems perspectives have domina
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43 and youth migrate in search of a
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45 the northern transition zone whe
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47 As regards decentralised environ
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49 These three are not mutually exc
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51 4.2 Output 2: ‘Potential alter
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53 It requires District departments
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55 government will strengthen natio
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57 4.2.5 Entry Points for research
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59 6. This information should also
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61 The final output of this compone
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63 4.3 Output 3: ‘Increased aware
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65 4.3 Comparison between planned a
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67 The statistics used here were si
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69 5.1.2 Study sites " In the north
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71 Geography, University of Ghana,
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73 6. Environmental Assessment 6.1
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75 7. Contribution of Outputs As a
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77 The District administration is a
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CN00/057: ‘Poverty dimensions of
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81 Activities: Milestones: Budget:
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Annex 1: 1 Annex 1: A brief history
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Annex 1: 3 At both state farms the
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Annex 1: 5 and knowledge. Thus, ong
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Annex 1: 7 Regions, originally to t
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Annex 1: 9 • Rights of spouses. W
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Annex 1: 11 Table 1.3 Sources of me
Page 101 and 102: Annex 1: 13 reflected in the larger
Page 103 and 104: Figure 1.2 (continued) Annex 1: 15
Page 105 and 106: Annex 1: 17 User rights in land bec
Page 107 and 108: Annex 1: 19 1.2.4 Migrants’ Acces
Page 109 and 110: 1.4 Supplementary livelihoods Annex
Page 111 and 112: Annex 2: 1 Annex 2: Cropping system
Page 113 and 114: Annex 2: 3 Table 2.1 Distribution o
Page 115 and 116: Annex 2: 5 Table 2.2 Crops cultivat
Page 117 and 118: Annex 2: 7 Table 2.3 Percentage of
Page 119 and 120: Annex 2: 9 Given the abundance of l
Page 121 and 122: Annex 2: 11 Table 2.6 Fallow interv
Page 123 and 124: Annex 2: 13 Table 2.8 Usage of inpu
Page 125 and 126: Annex 2: 15 2.5 Case studies 2.5.1
Page 127 and 128: Annex 2: 17 around Ejura, for insta
Page 129 and 130: Annex 2: 19 Given recent dramatic c
Page 131 and 132: Annex 2: 21 This capacity for adapt
Page 133 and 134: Annex 2: 23 Table 2.11 Tree varieti
Page 135 and 136: Annex 2: 25 Within charcoal produci
Page 137 and 138: Annex 2: 27 cocoa, which was plante
Page 139 and 140: Annex 2: 29 interest to the researc
Page 141 and 142: Annex 3: 1 Annex 3: Managing the En
Page 143 and 144: Annex 3: 3 for local government bas
Page 145 and 146: Figure 3.1: Structure of the Distri
Page 147 and 148: Annex 3: 7 and a functioning secret
Page 149 and 150: Annex 3: 9 The Forestry Service has
Page 151: Annex 3: 11 council, their mandate
Page 155 and 156: Annex 3: 15 Given the poor linkages
Page 157 and 158: Annex 3: 17 transport the charcoal.
Page 159 and 160: Annex 3: 19 produced from live tree
Page 161 and 162: Annex 3: 21 does the extent of thei
Page 163 and 164: Annex 3: 23 1978, the PNDC formed P
Page 165 and 166: Annex 3: 25 ! Integrating sector pl
Page 167 and 168: Annex 3: 27 (13 districts) = 22 By
Page 169 and 170: Annex 3: 29 argue, the reforms are
Page 171 and 172: Appendix to Annex 3: 2 administrati
Page 173 and 174: Appendix to Annex 3: 4 The overall
Page 175 and 176: Appendix to Annex 3: 6 i. Problems
Page 177 and 178: Appendix to Annex 3: 8 c) Tradition
Page 179 and 180: Annex 4: 1 Annex 4: The Way Forward
Page 181 and 182: Annex 4: 3 4.1.1 Institutional mech
Page 183 and 184: Annex 4: 5 be submitted to the dist
Page 185 and 186: Annex 4: 7 and tractor ploughing, t
Page 187 and 188: Annex 4: 9 4.4 The Proposed Program
Page 189 and 190: Annex 4: 11 To cover the second of
Page 191 and 192: Annex 4: 13 Coursey, D.H. (1976) "T
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