Poverty Dimensions of Public Governance and Forest Management ...

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12 4.1.2 The context of environmental decision-making in the Brong Ahafo The present study took as one of its preliminary objectives, the characterisation of the narratives which guide environmental decision-making in the Brong Ahafo region, particularly among the key decision makers at District Assembly and Unit Committee levels, and in the public support agencies. Among the striking features of these narratives are their simplicity, uniformity, and largely external origins. Perceptions of environmental change within the region over the last two decades have become intertwined with received wisdom about small farmer practices (most of it of colonial origins) to give rise to a set of ‘crisis narratives’. These accord well with recent international discourse about environmental decline in Africa. They stress such themes as: ! The destructiveness and non-sustainability of traditional agriculture, particularly swidden practices (‘slash and burn’). ! The destructive effects of bush fires; the alleged anthropogenic origins of the devastating bushfires which swept through Ghana and the West African sub-region in 1983, and the resulting need for major changes in small farmer practices. ! The impending crisis in agriculture which is being caused by rampant population growth, resulting in environmental problems (shortening fallows and land degradation) and food security decline, both of which imply the need for a rapid transformation in traditional agriculture, through intensification of land use. 1 There is little to suggest that such crisis narratives have any substantive connection with the realities of farming in the Brong-Ahafo. They are not, indeed, evidence-based to any appreciable extent. Rather they are rooted in external perceptions and interests, and are sustained by a number of features of the local political environment. These include, most notably: ! The paucity of sources of information for environmental decision-making; ! The external dependence, both intellectually and in terms of resources, of the central extension services; ! The social complexity of the small farmer population, and the fact that conflicts over natural resources tend to be overlaid with important social dimensions; 1. Throughout this report, ‘intensification’ is used in the conventional sense, to refer to increases in the quantity of other factors, as compared to a relatively fixed area of land (see, for example, Ellis, 1988: 196). 12
13 ! The local interests which can be served by mobilising such narratives within the legal and administrative frameworks provided by local government decentralisation, in pursuit of partisan interests. Examples of the use of such narratives, in the form of situational analyses, are provided in Box 4.1. Additional evidence is given in Annex 3.3.2. 13
Page 1 and 2: Final Technical Report: NRSP Projec
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Acro
Page 5 and 6: ANNEXES ANNEX 1: A Brief History of
Page 7 and 8: Abbreviations and Acronyms AgGDP CF
Page 9 and 10: 3 3. The ways in which multiple sta
Page 11 and 12: 5 Underpinning the study is a conce
Page 13 and 14: 7 4. Outputs This study is of a res
Page 15 and 16: 9 Figure 4.1 The Brong Ahafo Region
Page 17: 11 3. Recent disputes over charcoal
Page 21 and 22: 15 The first purpose of this report
Page 23 and 24: 17 ! Where densities are higher, th
Page 25 and 26: 19 In recent years, new factors hav
Page 27 and 28: 21 4.1.8 Main circuits for land acq
Page 29 and 30: 23 With the increasing commodificat
Page 31 and 32: 25 In many instances, the relations
Page 33 and 34: 27 environment. The framework of na
Page 35 and 36: 29 Table 4. 5 Distribution of crops
Page 37 and 38: 31 4.1.13 Agricultural intensificat
Page 39 and 40: 33 economy may also have unforeseen
Page 41 and 42: 35 Table 4.7 Usage of inputs and me
Page 43 and 44: 37 In the more northerly yam farmin
Page 45 and 46: 39 4.1.17 Farmer adaptation and inn
Page 47 and 48: 41 Systems perspectives have domina
Page 49 and 50: 43 and youth migrate in search of a
Page 51 and 52: 45 the northern transition zone whe
Page 53 and 54: 47 As regards decentralised environ
Page 55 and 56: 49 These three are not mutually exc
Page 57 and 58: 51 4.2 Output 2: ‘Potential alter
Page 59 and 60: 53 It requires District departments
Page 61 and 62: 55 government will strengthen natio
Page 63 and 64: 57 4.2.5 Entry Points for research
Page 65 and 66: 59 6. This information should also
Page 67 and 68: 61 The final output of this compone
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63 4.3 Output 3: ‘Increased aware
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65 4.3 Comparison between planned a
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67 The statistics used here were si
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69 5.1.2 Study sites " In the north
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71 Geography, University of Ghana,
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73 6. Environmental Assessment 6.1
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75 7. Contribution of Outputs As a
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77 The District administration is a
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CN00/057: ‘Poverty dimensions of
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81 Activities: Milestones: Budget:
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Annex 1: 1 Annex 1: A brief history
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Annex 1: 3 At both state farms the
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Annex 1: 5 and knowledge. Thus, ong
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Annex 1: 7 Regions, originally to t
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Annex 1: 9 • Rights of spouses. W
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Annex 1: 11 Table 1.3 Sources of me
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Annex 1: 13 reflected in the larger
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Figure 1.2 (continued) Annex 1: 15
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Annex 1: 17 User rights in land bec
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Annex 1: 19 1.2.4 Migrants’ Acces
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1.4 Supplementary livelihoods Annex
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Annex 2: 1 Annex 2: Cropping system
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Annex 2: 3 Table 2.1 Distribution o
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Annex 2: 5 Table 2.2 Crops cultivat
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Annex 2: 7 Table 2.3 Percentage of
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Annex 2: 9 Given the abundance of l
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Annex 2: 11 Table 2.6 Fallow interv
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Annex 2: 13 Table 2.8 Usage of inpu
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Annex 2: 15 2.5 Case studies 2.5.1
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Annex 2: 17 around Ejura, for insta
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Annex 2: 19 Given recent dramatic c
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Annex 2: 21 This capacity for adapt
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Annex 2: 23 Table 2.11 Tree varieti
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Annex 2: 25 Within charcoal produci
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Annex 2: 27 cocoa, which was plante
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Annex 2: 29 interest to the researc
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Annex 3: 1 Annex 3: Managing the En
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Annex 3: 3 for local government bas
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Figure 3.1: Structure of the Distri
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Annex 3: 7 and a functioning secret
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Annex 3: 9 The Forestry Service has
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Annex 3: 11 council, their mandate
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Annex 3: 13 the needs of their cons
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Annex 3: 15 Given the poor linkages
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Annex 3: 17 transport the charcoal.
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Annex 3: 19 produced from live tree
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Annex 3: 21 does the extent of thei
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Annex 3: 23 1978, the PNDC formed P
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Annex 3: 25 ! Integrating sector pl
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Annex 3: 27 (13 districts) = 22 By
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Annex 3: 29 argue, the reforms are
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Appendix to Annex 3: 2 administrati
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Appendix to Annex 3: 4 The overall
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Appendix to Annex 3: 6 i. Problems
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Appendix to Annex 3: 8 c) Tradition
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Annex 4: 1 Annex 4: The Way Forward
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Annex 4: 3 4.1.1 Institutional mech
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Annex 4: 5 be submitted to the dist
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Annex 4: 7 and tractor ploughing, t
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Annex 4: 9 4.4 The Proposed Program
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Annex 4: 11 To cover the second of
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Annex 4: 13 Coursey, D.H. (1976) "T
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