Poverty Dimensions of Public Governance and Forest Management ...

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Annex 1: 10 • Squatting. Farmers may also gain access to land by squatting on land which has been alienated by government services. This includes government projects and agricultural agencies which have collapsed (such as State Farms and Ghana National Reconstruction Corpse), but also illegal occupation of forest reserves. This tends to suggest some form of land scarcity, or land scarcity of prime land (such as stumped and ploughed state farm land), since the rights to this land are insecure and subject to possible eviction or prosecution (as in forest reserves). Weila Mansie Subinso Nsawkaw-Tanoso-Njau Kokoago Buoku total forest reserve encroachment weeding contract taungya sharecrop from chief use arrangement hired community land affine/spouse family land 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 percentage of farmers Figure 1.1 Tenure arrangements in the Brong Ahafo transition zone
Annex 1: 11 Table 1.3 Sources of men’s and women’s land 2 Settlement Weila Mansie Subinso Nsawkaw- Kokoago Buoku Tanoso-Njau Total Male Family 71.4% 44.4% 42.2% 51.2% 52.9% 15.4% 46.2% Community clearance rights 28.6% 48.1% 6.7% 16.3% 16.7% Spouse or in-laws 2.2% 4.7% 5.9% 7.7% 3.2% Use 13.3% 11.6% 3.8% 6.5% From chief 13.3% 3.8% 3.8% Hiring 6.7% 4.7% 23.5% 15.4% 7.0% Sharecropping 2.2% 7.7% 1.6% Taungya 11.5% 1.6% forest reserve encroachment 3.8% .5% Family & use 4.4% 5.9% 1.6% Family & hiring 2.3% 5.9% 1.1% hire & use 8.9% 2.2% Use & sharecrop 3.8% .5% Weeding contract 3.7% .5% Community and family 3.7% 4.7% 1.6% Government agency and family 2.3% 5.9% 1.1% land Family and purchased 3 2.3% .5% Family and taungya 15.4% 2.2% Taungya & sharecropping 7.7% 1.1% Community and hire 3.8% .5% Women Family 50.0% 61.5% 31.4% 52.6% 58.3% 32.0% 46.9% Community clearance rights 4.5% 2.9% 5.3% 2.8% Spouse or in-laws 40.9% 26.9% 20.0% 24.6% 33.3% 12.0% 24.9% Use 14.3% 10.5% 6.2% from chief gift 7.7% 8.6% 2.8% 2 This table shows the various circuits through which farmers gain land, since the total land at their disposal may result from using different circuits. Thus land shortage may show up as an absolute shortage of family land resulting in new types of land relationships replacing family land. On the other hand shortage may be reflected as the ability to gain sufficient land through one circuit, leading to individual farmers aggregating their land through different circuits, in which sharecropping may supplement family land with sharecropping. Land scarcity appears only to be significant at Buoku where both men and women access land through a wide variety of circuits and also depend upon gaining sufficient land through accessing multiple sources of land (hiring, family taungya, sharecropping and squatting). 3 The purchased land is a building plot purchased in town, subsequently used for farming
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Final Technical Report: NRSP Projec
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Acro
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ANNEXES ANNEX 1: A Brief History of
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Abbreviations and Acronyms AgGDP CF
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3 3. The ways in which multiple sta
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5 Underpinning the study is a conce
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7 4. Outputs This study is of a res
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9 Figure 4.1 The Brong Ahafo Region
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11 3. Recent disputes over charcoal
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13 ! The local interests which can
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15 The first purpose of this report
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17 ! Where densities are higher, th
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19 In recent years, new factors hav
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21 4.1.8 Main circuits for land acq
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23 With the increasing commodificat
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25 In many instances, the relations
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27 environment. The framework of na
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29 Table 4. 5 Distribution of crops
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31 4.1.13 Agricultural intensificat
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33 economy may also have unforeseen
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35 Table 4.7 Usage of inputs and me
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37 In the more northerly yam farmin
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39 4.1.17 Farmer adaptation and inn
Page 47 and 48: 41 Systems perspectives have domina
Page 49 and 50: 43 and youth migrate in search of a
Page 51 and 52: 45 the northern transition zone whe
Page 53 and 54: 47 As regards decentralised environ
Page 55 and 56: 49 These three are not mutually exc
Page 57 and 58: 51 4.2 Output 2: ‘Potential alter
Page 59 and 60: 53 It requires District departments
Page 61 and 62: 55 government will strengthen natio
Page 63 and 64: 57 4.2.5 Entry Points for research
Page 65 and 66: 59 6. This information should also
Page 67 and 68: 61 The final output of this compone
Page 69 and 70: 63 4.3 Output 3: ‘Increased aware
Page 71 and 72: 65 4.3 Comparison between planned a
Page 73 and 74: 67 The statistics used here were si
Page 75 and 76: 69 5.1.2 Study sites " In the north
Page 77 and 78: 71 Geography, University of Ghana,
Page 79 and 80: 73 6. Environmental Assessment 6.1
Page 81 and 82: 75 7. Contribution of Outputs As a
Page 83 and 84: 77 The District administration is a
Page 85 and 86: CN00/057: ‘Poverty dimensions of
Page 87 and 88: 81 Activities: Milestones: Budget:
Page 89 and 90: Annex 1: 1 Annex 1: A brief history
Page 91 and 92: Annex 1: 3 At both state farms the
Page 93 and 94: Annex 1: 5 and knowledge. Thus, ong
Page 95 and 96: Annex 1: 7 Regions, originally to t
Page 97: Annex 1: 9 • Rights of spouses. W
Page 101 and 102: Annex 1: 13 reflected in the larger
Page 103 and 104: Figure 1.2 (continued) Annex 1: 15
Page 105 and 106: Annex 1: 17 User rights in land bec
Page 107 and 108: Annex 1: 19 1.2.4 Migrants’ Acces
Page 109 and 110: 1.4 Supplementary livelihoods Annex
Page 111 and 112: Annex 2: 1 Annex 2: Cropping system
Page 113 and 114: Annex 2: 3 Table 2.1 Distribution o
Page 115 and 116: Annex 2: 5 Table 2.2 Crops cultivat
Page 117 and 118: Annex 2: 7 Table 2.3 Percentage of
Page 119 and 120: Annex 2: 9 Given the abundance of l
Page 121 and 122: Annex 2: 11 Table 2.6 Fallow interv
Page 123 and 124: Annex 2: 13 Table 2.8 Usage of inpu
Page 125 and 126: Annex 2: 15 2.5 Case studies 2.5.1
Page 127 and 128: Annex 2: 17 around Ejura, for insta
Page 129 and 130: Annex 2: 19 Given recent dramatic c
Page 131 and 132: Annex 2: 21 This capacity for adapt
Page 133 and 134: Annex 2: 23 Table 2.11 Tree varieti
Page 135 and 136: Annex 2: 25 Within charcoal produci
Page 137 and 138: Annex 2: 27 cocoa, which was plante
Page 139 and 140: Annex 2: 29 interest to the researc
Page 141 and 142: Annex 3: 1 Annex 3: Managing the En
Page 143 and 144: Annex 3: 3 for local government bas
Page 145 and 146: Figure 3.1: Structure of the Distri
Page 147 and 148: Annex 3: 7 and a functioning secret
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Annex 3: 9 The Forestry Service has
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Annex 3: 11 council, their mandate
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Annex 3: 13 the needs of their cons
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Annex 3: 15 Given the poor linkages
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Annex 3: 17 transport the charcoal.
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Annex 3: 19 produced from live tree
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Annex 3: 21 does the extent of thei
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Annex 3: 23 1978, the PNDC formed P
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Annex 3: 25 ! Integrating sector pl
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Annex 3: 27 (13 districts) = 22 By
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Annex 3: 29 argue, the reforms are
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Appendix to Annex 3: 2 administrati
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Appendix to Annex 3: 4 The overall
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Appendix to Annex 3: 6 i. Problems
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Appendix to Annex 3: 8 c) Tradition
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Annex 4: 1 Annex 4: The Way Forward
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Annex 4: 3 4.1.1 Institutional mech
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Annex 4: 5 be submitted to the dist
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Annex 4: 7 and tractor ploughing, t
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Annex 4: 9 4.4 The Proposed Program
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Annex 4: 11 To cover the second of
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Annex 4: 13 Coursey, D.H. (1976) "T
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