Poverty Dimensions of Public Governance and Forest Management ...

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Annex 4: 2 information at all nodes of production and in multiple directions. New approaches are required that improve decision-making in natural resource management from local level producers to national level administrators. This requires new institutional innovations which promote feedback on the environment and production systems from various localities as well as information systems which regularly update themselves and which policy makers can use to learn about the conditions which people experience in their daily life. These information systems should facilitate debate at various policy levels to foster more informed and appropriate policy options. The interface between administrative organs and perceptions of different people within the localities, and the learning processes that emerge from the interface at both these levels is what will ultimately determine if a sustainable development process can be implemented. Policy makers need to make policies which are informed by the experiences of citizens, and citizens need to understand the avenues through which they can create demands for appropriate policies. Given the complexity of social arrangements, micro-environments and change, sustainable production systems cannot be conjured up in experimental stations and transformed to the localities as technological prescriptions. Neither can improved ecological management be implanted by the decrees of policy-makers who claim to understand all the environmental processes and problems. The premise for a better policy process is the setting up new information systems which are inclusive and involve a consultative process with a wide range of interest groups within the rural areas, and which bind policy-makers to downward accountability. These information systems need to collect empirical data on the different interest and livelihood groups within the various localities, the natural resource base and the economic potential of the various localities. They also need to reflect the perceptions and interests of the various groups within the localities.
Annex 4: 3 4.1.1 Institutional mechanisms The process of decentralisation within Ghana has suffered from numerous constraints and setbacks. It may have fallen short in achieving its aims and objectives. Nevertheless, it remains the only avenue through which rural dwellers come into contact with development administration and have any say in development planning. While local-planning processes within decentralisation may be wanting, the shortcomings are not necessarily the product of decentralisation. They could as easily be blamed on bureaucratic culture in Ghana. The legal framework for decentralisation provides ample scope for accountability, for civil society participation in development planning, and for communities to develop their own development plans. The contradictions often come from the higher echelons of administration, from ministries, departments and regional coordinating bodies who issue top-down directives and expect the districts to comply; from government agencies who expect districts to implement government policy without a debate on the appropriate needs of the districts; from departments who think they are too important to decentralise. The legal framework for decentralisation requires district departments to collaborate in developing district sector plans which are ratified by an Assembly with a majority of members. Unit Committees and Area Councils with an elected majority then initiate development plans which have been discussed with the communities. Strengthening these linkages has the potential of building upon civil society participation making district assemblies more accountable to a rural electorate. 4.2 Other interventions Several donor projects now focus on strengthening the district planning process, attempting to enhance planning procedures by facilitating more inclusive consultation, more transparent procedures governing allocation of resources, an improved responsiveness to civil society groups. The include the following: 1. The CIDA Community Governance Project operates in the Upper West, Upper East and Northern Regions. Its objective has been to build capacities for
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Final Technical Report: NRSP Projec
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Acro
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ANNEXES ANNEX 1: A Brief History of
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Abbreviations and Acronyms AgGDP CF
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3 3. The ways in which multiple sta
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5 Underpinning the study is a conce
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7 4. Outputs This study is of a res
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9 Figure 4.1 The Brong Ahafo Region
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11 3. Recent disputes over charcoal
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13 ! The local interests which can
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15 The first purpose of this report
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17 ! Where densities are higher, th
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19 In recent years, new factors hav
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21 4.1.8 Main circuits for land acq
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23 With the increasing commodificat
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25 In many instances, the relations
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27 environment. The framework of na
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29 Table 4. 5 Distribution of crops
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31 4.1.13 Agricultural intensificat
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33 economy may also have unforeseen
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35 Table 4.7 Usage of inputs and me
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37 In the more northerly yam farmin
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39 4.1.17 Farmer adaptation and inn
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41 Systems perspectives have domina
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43 and youth migrate in search of a
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45 the northern transition zone whe
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47 As regards decentralised environ
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49 These three are not mutually exc
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51 4.2 Output 2: ‘Potential alter
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53 It requires District departments
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55 government will strengthen natio
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57 4.2.5 Entry Points for research
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59 6. This information should also
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61 The final output of this compone
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63 4.3 Output 3: ‘Increased aware
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65 4.3 Comparison between planned a
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67 The statistics used here were si
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69 5.1.2 Study sites " In the north
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71 Geography, University of Ghana,
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73 6. Environmental Assessment 6.1
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75 7. Contribution of Outputs As a
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77 The District administration is a
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CN00/057: ‘Poverty dimensions of
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81 Activities: Milestones: Budget:
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Annex 1: 1 Annex 1: A brief history
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Annex 1: 3 At both state farms the
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Annex 1: 5 and knowledge. Thus, ong
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Annex 1: 7 Regions, originally to t
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Annex 1: 9 • Rights of spouses. W
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Annex 1: 11 Table 1.3 Sources of me
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Annex 1: 13 reflected in the larger
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Figure 1.2 (continued) Annex 1: 15
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Annex 1: 17 User rights in land bec
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Annex 1: 19 1.2.4 Migrants’ Acces
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1.4 Supplementary livelihoods Annex
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Annex 2: 1 Annex 2: Cropping system
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Annex 2: 3 Table 2.1 Distribution o
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Annex 2: 5 Table 2.2 Crops cultivat
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Annex 2: 7 Table 2.3 Percentage of
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Annex 2: 9 Given the abundance of l
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Annex 2: 11 Table 2.6 Fallow interv
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Annex 2: 13 Table 2.8 Usage of inpu
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Annex 2: 15 2.5 Case studies 2.5.1
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Annex 2: 17 around Ejura, for insta
Page 129 and 130: Annex 2: 19 Given recent dramatic c
Page 131 and 132: Annex 2: 21 This capacity for adapt
Page 133 and 134: Annex 2: 23 Table 2.11 Tree varieti
Page 135 and 136: Annex 2: 25 Within charcoal produci
Page 137 and 138: Annex 2: 27 cocoa, which was plante
Page 139 and 140: Annex 2: 29 interest to the researc
Page 141 and 142: Annex 3: 1 Annex 3: Managing the En
Page 143 and 144: Annex 3: 3 for local government bas
Page 145 and 146: Figure 3.1: Structure of the Distri
Page 147 and 148: Annex 3: 7 and a functioning secret
Page 149 and 150: Annex 3: 9 The Forestry Service has
Page 151 and 152: Annex 3: 11 council, their mandate
Page 153 and 154: Annex 3: 13 the needs of their cons
Page 155 and 156: Annex 3: 15 Given the poor linkages
Page 157 and 158: Annex 3: 17 transport the charcoal.
Page 159 and 160: Annex 3: 19 produced from live tree
Page 161 and 162: Annex 3: 21 does the extent of thei
Page 163 and 164: Annex 3: 23 1978, the PNDC formed P
Page 165 and 166: Annex 3: 25 ! Integrating sector pl
Page 167 and 168: Annex 3: 27 (13 districts) = 22 By
Page 169 and 170: Annex 3: 29 argue, the reforms are
Page 171 and 172: Appendix to Annex 3: 2 administrati
Page 173 and 174: Appendix to Annex 3: 4 The overall
Page 175 and 176: Appendix to Annex 3: 6 i. Problems
Page 177 and 178: Appendix to Annex 3: 8 c) Tradition
Page 179: Annex 4: 1 Annex 4: The Way Forward
Page 183 and 184: Annex 4: 5 be submitted to the dist
Page 185 and 186: Annex 4: 7 and tractor ploughing, t
Page 187 and 188: Annex 4: 9 4.4 The Proposed Program
Page 189 and 190: Annex 4: 11 To cover the second of
Page 191 and 192: Annex 4: 13 Coursey, D.H. (1976) "T
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