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XVI<br />

Section V<br />

Economy and Socio-Economy of Biological Invasions<br />

Contents<br />

Short Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313<br />

Wolfgang Nentwig<br />

18 Plant, Animal, and Microbe Invasive Species<br />

in the United States and World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315<br />

David Pimentel, Marcia Pimentel and Anne Wilson<br />

18.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315<br />

18.2 Agricultural and Forestry Benefits from Introduced Species 316<br />

18.3 Environmental Damages and Associated Control Costs . . . 316<br />

18.3.1 Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317<br />

18.3.2 Mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318<br />

18.3.3 Birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319<br />

18.3.4 Amphibians and Reptiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320<br />

18.3.5 Fishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321<br />

18.3.6 Arthropods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321<br />

18.3.7 Mollusks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322<br />

18.4 Livestock Pests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323<br />

18.5 Human Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323<br />

18.6 The Situation Today and Projections for the Future . . . . . 324<br />

18.7 Biological Control of Invasives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326<br />

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326<br />

19 Socio-Economic Impact and Assessment<br />

of Biological Invasions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331<br />

Rosa Binimelis, Wanda Born, Iliana Monterroso,<br />

and Beatriz Rodríguez-Labajos<br />

19.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331<br />

19.2 Impacts on Ecosystems from the Perspective<br />

of Human Wellbeing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332<br />

19.3 Perception as a Prerequisite for Valuation . . . . . . . . . . . 336<br />

19.4 Alternatives for the Evaluation of Impacts:<br />

from Valuation to Deliberation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338<br />

19.4.1 Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340<br />

19.4.2 Cost-Benefit Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341<br />

19.4.3 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341<br />

19.4.4 Multi-Criteria Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

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