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430
E
early warning system 55, 398, 421
earthworm 5, 17
East African giant snail 21
– Coast fever 323
Eastern cottontail 20
Echinogammarus ischnus 262
Echium 118
Echthromorpha intricatoria 407
ecological niche 182, 183, 204
– theory 79–93
economic 18, 22, 25, 80, 223, 233–234,
353–364, 367, 371, 389, 393, 394, 397,
399, 405, 421
– assessment 220, 394
– cost 3, 59, 313, 315–326, 399, 423
– damage 3, 16, 315, 325
– impact 53, 79, 81, 169, 217, 220, 242,
246, 315, 394
– incentive 154
– problem 80, 240
– value 218, 219, 230, 325
ecosystem 2, 17, 21, 33, 56, 62, 63, 89,
106, 138, 145, 147–160, 164–170,
181–194, 197–208, 217–234,
315–326, 331–340, 357, 360,
367–369, 403–405, 409, 415, 420–423
– function 168, 199, 202, 305, 307,
331–336, 420
– service 208, 215, 217–234, 325,
331–338, 341–343, 420, 423
ecotourism 221, 231
Ectopistes migratorius 386
education 4, 218, 333, 335, 396, 419, 423
eel 21, 265
Ehrharta calycina 167
EICA hypothesis 82, 85–92, 187
Eichhornia crassipes 232
Eimeria 19
El Niño 69
electric power plant 322
Elodea canadensis 37
empty niche hypothesis 82, 83, 88
Emys orbicularis 24
Encarsia formosa 404
encephalitis 18, 320
endangered species 23, 177, 192, 220,
222, 267, 278, 282, 315–318, 322, 334,
367, 389, 406
endemic 14, 21, 34, 220, 232, 318, 335,
388, 392, 407
endozoochory 42
enemy release hypothesis 82, 84, 87–91,
187, 269
energy 145, 192, 215, 223, 224, 247, 257,
266, 382, 412
Engraulis encrasiclolus 241
Ephestia elutella 379
– kuehniella 16
EPPO 340, 413
Equus asinus asinus 19
– caballus 19, 334
eradication 4, 17, 18, 55, 153, 155, 227,
234, 338, 351, 354, 355, 361, 363, 368,
369, 385–399, 420, 421
Ergalatex contracta 70
Eriocheir sinensis 63
ermine 22
erosion 2, 155, 157, 218, 222–225, 228,
231, 232, 258, 319, 333, 335
Erpobdella octoculata 261
escape 11, 17–25, 85, 103, 114, 128, 129,
187, 293–307, 317, 407, 423
estuary 63, 64, 230, 242, 246, 263
ethylene dibromide 377, 379
Eucalyptus 36, 118, 221, 230, 341
– saligna 166
Euglandina rosea 229, 407
Eupatorium 98, 118
Euphorbia esula 229
European beaver 184
– bison 19
– corn borer 407
– pond terrapin 24
– starling 229
eutrophication 145, 163–177, 261
Evadne anonyx 63, 64
evapotranspiration 225, 229
evolution 1, 11, 29, 79–93, 132, 181,
185–187, 276–278, 285–288, 293, 296
evolutionary theory 79–93
externality 355, 356, 363, 423
extinction 21–23, 128, 133, 206, 207,
221–224, 229, 257, 260, 269, 275, 284,
305, 306, 315, 318, 321, 407
extirpation 193, 313, 336, 386, 407
F
Fabaceae 118
Fallopia 36, 37
– japonica 231
Subject Index