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Contents
5 Waterways as Invasion Highways –
Impact of Climate Change and Globalization . . . . . . . . 59
Bella S. Galil, Stefan Nehring and Vadim Panov
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
5.2 The Watery Web – Inland Waterways of Europe . . . . . . . 60
5.3 Aquatic Highways for Invasion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
5.4 Hot and Hotter – the Role of Temperature
in European Waterways Invasions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
5.5 Future of Waterways Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
5.6 Suez and Panama – the Interoceanic Canals . . . . . . . . . 67
5.7 Globalization and Shipping – “Size Matters” . . . . . . . . . 69
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
IX
Section II
Traits of a Good Invader
Short Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Wolfgang Nentwig
6 Integrating Ecological and Evolutionary Theory
of Biological Invasions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Ruth A. Hufbauer and Mark E. Torchin
6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
6.2 Hypotheses to Explain Biological Invasion . . . . . . . . . . 82
6.2.1 Ecological Hypotheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
6.2.2 Evolutionary Hypotheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
6.3 Proposed Refinements to Hypotheses, Predictions and Tests 87
6.3.1 Refining the Enemy Release Hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . 87
6.3.2 Refining the Evolution of Increased Competitive
Ability Hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
6.4 Recent Syntheses and Synergies Between Hypotheses . . . . 88
6.5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93