WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care - Safe Care ...
WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care - Safe Care ...
WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care - Safe Care ...
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
<str<strong>on</strong>g>WHO</str<strong>on</strong>g> GUIDELINES ON HAND HYGIENE IN HEALTH CARE<br />
503. Hansen SR, Janssen C, Beasley VR. Denat<strong>on</strong>ium benzoate<br />
as a deterrent to <strong>in</strong>gesti<strong>on</strong> of toxic substances: toxicity<br />
and efficacy. Veter<strong>in</strong>ary and Human Toxicology 1993,<br />
35:234-236.<br />
504. Pittet D et al. Double-bl<strong>in</strong>d, randomized, crossover<br />
trial of 3 hand rub formulati<strong>on</strong>s: fast-track evaluati<strong>on</strong> of<br />
tolerability and acceptability. Infecti<strong>on</strong> C<strong>on</strong>trol and Hospital<br />
Epidemiology, 2007, 28:1344–1351.<br />
505. Dis<strong>in</strong>fectants and antiseptics. <str<strong>on</strong>g>WHO</str<strong>on</strong>g> Model Formulary.<br />
Geneva, World <strong>Health</strong> Organizati<strong>on</strong>, 2004.<br />
506. Maki DG. Lister revisited: surgical antisepsis and asepsis.<br />
New England Journal of Medic<strong>in</strong>e, 1976, 294:1286–1287.<br />
507. Mackenzie I. Preoperative sk<strong>in</strong> preparati<strong>on</strong> and surgical<br />
outcome. Journal of Hospital Infecti<strong>on</strong>, 1988, 11(Suppl.<br />
B):27–32.<br />
508. Re<strong>in</strong>icke EA. Bakteriologische Untersuchungen über die<br />
Des<strong>in</strong>fekti<strong>on</strong> der Hände [Bacteriological exam<strong>in</strong>ati<strong>on</strong> of<br />
hand dis<strong>in</strong>fecti<strong>on</strong>]. Zentralblatt fur Gynäkology, 1894,<br />
47:1189–1199.<br />
509. Lam S et al. The challenge of vancomyc<strong>in</strong>-resistant<br />
enterococci: a cl<strong>in</strong>ical and epidemiologic study. American<br />
Journal of Infecti<strong>on</strong> C<strong>on</strong>trol, 1995, 23:170–180.<br />
510. Tucci V et al. Studies of the surgical scrub. Surgery,<br />
Gynecology & Obstetrics, 1977, 145:415–416.<br />
511. D<strong>in</strong>een P. An evaluati<strong>on</strong> of the durati<strong>on</strong> of the surgical scrub.<br />
Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics, 1969, 129:1181–1184.<br />
512. O’Farrell DA et al. Evaluati<strong>on</strong> of the optimal hand-scrub<br />
durati<strong>on</strong> prior to total hip arthroplasty. Journal of Hospital<br />
Infecti<strong>on</strong>, 1994, 26:93–98.<br />
513. Wendt C. Empfehlungen zur Händelhygiene – e<strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>ternati<strong>on</strong>aler Vergleich [Recommendati<strong>on</strong>s <strong>on</strong> hand<br />
dis<strong>in</strong>fecti<strong>on</strong> – an <strong>in</strong>ternati<strong>on</strong>al comparis<strong>on</strong>]. In: Kampf G, ed.<br />
Hände-<strong>Hygiene</strong> im Gesundheitswesen. Berl<strong>in</strong>, Heidelberg,<br />
New York, Spr<strong>in</strong>ger Verlag, 2003:261–275.<br />
514. Thomas M, Holl<strong>in</strong>s M. Epidemic of postoperative wound<br />
<strong>in</strong>fecti<strong>on</strong> associated with ungloved abdom<strong>in</strong>al palpati<strong>on</strong>.<br />
Lancet, 1974, 1:1215–1217.<br />
515. Beltrami EM et al. Risk and management of blood-borne<br />
<strong>in</strong>fecti<strong>on</strong>s <strong>in</strong> health care workers. Cl<strong>in</strong>ical Microbiology<br />
Review, 2000, 13:385–407.<br />
516. Widmer A et al. Alcohol vs. chlorhexid<strong>in</strong>e gluc<strong>on</strong>ate for<br />
preoperative hand scrub: a randomized cross-over cl<strong>in</strong>ical<br />
trial. Paper presented at: 34th Interscience C<strong>on</strong>ference <strong>on</strong><br />
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Orlando, FL, 1994.<br />
517. Misteli H et al. Surgical glove perforati<strong>on</strong> and the risk of<br />
surgical site <strong>in</strong>fecti<strong>on</strong>. Archives of Surgery, 2009;144 (<strong>in</strong><br />
press).<br />
518. Kralj N, Beie M, Hofmann F. [Surgical gloves – how<br />
well do they protect aga<strong>in</strong>st <strong>in</strong>fecti<strong>on</strong>s?], <strong>in</strong> German,<br />
Gesundheitswesen, 1999, 61:398–403.<br />
519. Thomas S, Agarwal M, Mehta G. Intraoperative glove<br />
perforati<strong>on</strong> – s<strong>in</strong>gle versus double glov<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> protecti<strong>on</strong><br />
aga<strong>in</strong>st sk<strong>in</strong> c<strong>on</strong>tam<strong>in</strong>ati<strong>on</strong>. Postgraduate Medical Journal,<br />
2001, 77:458–460.<br />
520. Doebbel<strong>in</strong>g BN, et al. Removal of nosocomial pathogens<br />
from the c<strong>on</strong>tam<strong>in</strong>ated glove. Implicati<strong>on</strong>s for glove reuse<br />
and handwash<strong>in</strong>g. Annals of Internal Medic<strong>in</strong>e, 1988,<br />
109:394–398.<br />
521. Weber S et al. An outbreak of Staphylococcus aureus <strong>in</strong> a<br />
pediatric cardiothoracic surgery unit. Infecti<strong>on</strong> C<strong>on</strong>trol and<br />
Hospital Epidemiology, 2002, 23:77–81.<br />
522. Koiwai EK, Nahas HC. Subacute bacterial endocarditis<br />
follow<strong>in</strong>g cardiac surgery. Archives of Surgery, 1956,<br />
73:272–278.<br />
523. Mermel LA et al. Pseudom<strong>on</strong>as surgical-site <strong>in</strong>fecti<strong>on</strong>s<br />
l<strong>in</strong>ked to a healthcare worker with <strong>on</strong>ychomycosis. Infecti<strong>on</strong><br />
C<strong>on</strong>trol and Hospital Epidemiology, 2003, 24:749–752.<br />
524. Gr<strong>in</strong>baum RS, de Mend<strong>on</strong>ca JS, Cardo DM. An outbreak of<br />
handscrubb<strong>in</strong>g-related surgical site <strong>in</strong>fecti<strong>on</strong>s <strong>in</strong> vascular<br />
surgical procedures. Infecti<strong>on</strong> C<strong>on</strong>trol and Hospital<br />
Epidemiology, 1995, 16:198–202.<br />
525. Tanner J, Swarbrook S, Stuart J. Surgical hand antisepsis<br />
to reduce surgical site <strong>in</strong>fecti<strong>on</strong>. Cochrane Database of<br />
Systematic Reviews, 2008, (1):CD004288.<br />
526. Tanner J, Park<strong>in</strong>s<strong>on</strong> H. Double glov<strong>in</strong>g to reduce surgical<br />
cross-<strong>in</strong>fecti<strong>on</strong>. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,<br />
2002, (3):CD003087.<br />
527. Kampf G et al. Term<strong>in</strong>ology <strong>in</strong> surgical hand dis<strong>in</strong>fecti<strong>on</strong> – a<br />
new Tower of Babel <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>fecti<strong>on</strong> c<strong>on</strong>trol. Journal of Hospital<br />
Infecti<strong>on</strong>, 2005, 59:269–271.<br />
528. Trampuz A, Widmer AF. <strong>Hand</strong> hygiene: a frequently missed<br />
life-sav<strong>in</strong>g opportunity dur<strong>in</strong>g patient care. Mayo Cl<strong>in</strong>ic<br />
Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs, 2004, 79:109–116.<br />
529. <str<strong>on</strong>g>Guidel<strong>in</strong>es</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> hand hygiene <strong>in</strong> health care. Journal of<br />
Advanced Nurs<strong>in</strong>g, 2006, 53:613–614.<br />
530. Elek SD, C<strong>on</strong>en PE. The virulence of Staphylococcus<br />
pyogenes for man; a study of the problems of wound<br />
<strong>in</strong>fecti<strong>on</strong>. British Journal of Experimental Pathology, 1957,<br />
38:573–586.<br />
531. Labadie J-C et al. Recommendati<strong>on</strong>s for surgical hand<br />
dis<strong>in</strong>fecti<strong>on</strong> – requirements, implementati<strong>on</strong> and need<br />
for research. A proposal by representatives of the SFHH,<br />
DGHM and DGKH for a European discussi<strong>on</strong>. Journal of<br />
Hospital Infecti<strong>on</strong>, 2002, 51:312–315.<br />
532. Recommended practices for surgical hand antisepsis/hand<br />
scrubs. Associati<strong>on</strong> of Operat<strong>in</strong>g Room Nurses Journal,<br />
2004, 79:416–431.<br />
533. Rotter ML. European norms <strong>in</strong> hand hygiene. Journal of<br />
Hospital Infecti<strong>on</strong>, 2004, 56(Suppl. 2):S6–S9.<br />
534. Hedderwick SA, McNeil SA, Kauffman CA. Pathogenic<br />
organisms associated with artificial f<strong>in</strong>gernails worn<br />
by healthcare workers. Infecti<strong>on</strong> C<strong>on</strong>trol and Hospital<br />
Epidemiology, 2000, 21:505–509.<br />
535. Bendig JW. Surgical hand dis<strong>in</strong>fecti<strong>on</strong>: comparis<strong>on</strong> of 4%<br />
chlorhexid<strong>in</strong>e detergent soluti<strong>on</strong> and 2% triclosan detergent<br />
soluti<strong>on</strong>. Journal of Hospital Infecti<strong>on</strong>, 1990, 15:143–148.<br />
536. Dahl J, Wheeler B, Mukherjee D. Effect of chlorhexid<strong>in</strong>e<br />
scrub <strong>on</strong> postoperative bacterial counts. American Journal<br />
of Surgery, 1990, 159:486–488.<br />
537. Hall R. Povid<strong>on</strong>e-iod<strong>in</strong>e and chlorhexid<strong>in</strong>e gluc<strong>on</strong>ate<br />
c<strong>on</strong>ta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g detergents for dis<strong>in</strong>fecti<strong>on</strong> of hands. Journal of<br />
Hospital Infecti<strong>on</strong>, 1980, 1:367–368.<br />
538. Balmer ME et al. Occurrence of methyl triclosan, a<br />
transformati<strong>on</strong> product of the bactericide triclosan, <strong>in</strong> fish<br />
from various lakes <strong>in</strong> Switzerland. Envir<strong>on</strong>mental Science<br />
and Technology, 2004, 38:390–395.<br />
539. Russell AD. Whither triclosan? Journal of Antimicrobial<br />
Chemotherapy, 2004, 53:693–695.<br />
540. Rotter M. Arguments for the alcoholic hand dis<strong>in</strong>fecti<strong>on</strong>.<br />
Journal of Hospital Infecti<strong>on</strong>, 2001, 28(Suppl. A):S4–S8.<br />
541. O’Shaughnessy M, O’Maley VP, Corbett G. Optimum<br />
durati<strong>on</strong> of surgical scrub-time. British Journal of Surgery,<br />
1991, 78:685–686.<br />
220