WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care - Safe Care ...

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<strong>WHO</strong> GUIDELINES ON HAND HYGIENE IN HEALTH CARE Table I.16.2 Hand hygiene adherence by health-care workers (1981–June 2008) (Cont.) Reference Year Setting Before/ after contact Adherence baseline (%) Adherence after intervention (%) Intervention Larson, Albrecht & 2005 Pediatric O’Keefe 654 ER and PICU Jenner et al. 691 2006 Medical, surgical wards B/A 38.4 — — B/A — — Maury et al. 692 2006 MICU NS 47.1 55.2 Announcement of observations (compared to covert observation at baseline) Furtado et al. 693 2006 2 MSI- CUs B/A 22.2 / 42.6 — — das Neves et al. 694 2006 NICU B/A 62.2 61.2 Posters, musical parodies on radio, slogans Hayden et al. 140 2006 MICU B/A 29 43 Wall dispensers, education, brouchures, buttons, posters Sacar et al. 695 2006 Hospitalwide Berhe, Edmond & 2006 MICU, Bearman 696 SICU Girou et al. 655 2006 Rehab institution-wide B/A 45.1 — — B/A 31.8 / 50 39 / 50.3 Performance feedback B/A 60.8 — — Eckmanns et al. 736 2006 ICU B/A 29 45 Announcement of observations (compared to covert observation at baseline) Santana et al. 698 2007 MSICU B/A 18.3 20.8 Introduction of alcohol-based handrub dispensers, posters, stickers, education Swoboda et al. 699 2007 IMCU A 19.1 25.6 Voice prompts if failure to handrub Novoa et al. 700 2007 Hospitalwide B/A 20 — — Barbut et a. 496 2007 MICU B/A 53 / 63 / 68 — 3 different handrub products Trick et al. 701 2007 3 study hospitals, one control, hospitalwide A 23 / 30 / 35 / 32 46 / 50 / 43 / 31 Increase in handrub availability, education, poster Dedrick et al. 702 2007 ICU A 45.1 — — Noritomi et al. 650 2007 Multidisciplinary ICU Pan et al. 703 2007 Hospitalwide B/A 27.9 — — B/A 19.6 — — 70
PART I. REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC DATA RELATED TO HAND HYGIENE Table I.16.2 Hand hygiene adherence by health-care workers (1981–June 2008) (Cont.) Reference Year Setting Before/ after contact Adherence baseline (%) Adherence after intervention (%) Intervention Hofer et al. 704 2007 Hospitalwide, paediatric hospital B/A 34 — — Raskind et al. 705 2007 NICU B 89 100 Education Traore et al. 493 2007 MICU B/A 32.1 41.2 Gel versus liquid handrub formulation Pessoa-Silva 2007 NICU B/A 42 55 Posters, focus groups, education, et al. 657 questionnaires, review of care protocols Khan & Siddiqui 706 2008 Anaesthesia A 62 — — Rupp et al. 707 2008 ICU B/A 38 / 37 69 / 68 Introduction of alcohol-based handrub gel Ebnother et al. 708 2008 All wards B/A 59 79 Multimodal intervention Haas & Larson 709 2008 Emerg department Venkatesh et al. 710 2008 Hematology unit Duggan et al. 711 2008 Hospitalwide B/A 43 62 Introduction of wearable personal handrub dispeners B/A 36.3 70.1 Voice prompts if failure to handrub B/A 84.5 89.4 Announced visit by auditor ICU = intensive care unit; SICU = surgical ICU; MICU = medical ICU; MSICU = medical/surgical ICU; PICU = paediatric ICU; NICU = neonatal ICU; Emerg = emergency; Oncol = oncology; CTICU = cardiothoracic ICU; PACU = postanaesthesia care unit: OPD = outpatient department; NS = not stated. * Percentage compliance before/after patient contact. ** Hand hygiene opportunities within the same patient also counted. *** After contact with inanimate objects. **** Use of gloves almost universal (93%) in all activities. 71
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PART I. REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC DATA R
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PART II. CONSENSUS RECOMMENDATIONS
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PART III. PROCESS AND OUTCOME MEASU
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PART IV. TOWARDS A GENERAL MODEL OF
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PART V. PATIENT INVOLVEMENT IN HAND
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PART VI. COMPARISON OF NATIONAL AND
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REFERENCES 35. Jroundi I et al. Pre
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REFERENCES 109. Boyce JM et al. Out
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REFERENCES 177. McBryde ES, Pettitt
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REFERENCES 250. Squier C, Yu VL, St
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REFERENCES 327. Rotter ML, Koller W
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REFERENCES 400. McMurry LM, McDermo
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REFERENCES 468. Martin LS, McDougal
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REFERENCES 542. Wheelock SM, Lookin
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REFERENCES 615. Voss A, Widmer AF.
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REFERENCES 690. Saba R et al. Hand
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REFERENCES 765. Lee B, Newberg A. R
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REFERENCES 841. Gillet P. Construir
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REFERENCES 915. De Groot-Kosolcharo
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REFERENCES 986. Kinsella G, Thomas
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REFERENCES 1062. Runciman WB, Molle
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REFERENCES 1138. Chen YC, Chiang LC
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