Converting Waste Agricultural Biomass into a Resource - UNEP

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5. Conclusion The Compendium does not claim to be a definitive collection of all existing cellulosic biomass technologies in the world. Although the scope of the Compendium is global, most of the technologies included therein are developed and being used in the USA, Canada, Europe, India and Southeast Asia. It is notable that there is no technology in the Compendium from the Middle East and only a handful come from Africa. In Africa and other developing regions, dependence on biomass for household needs, such as cooking and drying food or community-level enterprise use, are known to exist but not extensively documented. The Compendium is only limited to data available on the net or in English publications. Another factor is that information on many research and pilotlevel demonstration technologies are not yet available on the Internet or in other publications. The challenge now is how to ensure that the Compendium best captures technology available worldwide, especially those existing in developing countries, so that those who need it more can have the ease of access to information on these technologies. The usability of the Compendium of Biomass Waste Conversion Technologies was tested with the selection of appropriate technologies for a proposed pilot project to be implemented in a selected region the Philippines. Based on the process undergone by the selection of technologies, the Sustainability Assessment of Technologies (SAT), a tool developed by UNEP, the Compendium proves valuable in screening, scoping and selecting technologies appropriate for project implementation 11 . Through the technology data sheets, the Compendium provided useful data needed to be able to select the appropriate technology for the pilot site. However, given that some technologies have incomplete data fields, there is a need to intensify and deepen research on the growing number of technologies. Periodic updating and upgrading the Compendium is therefore imperative if it is to be continuously relevant in the future. 11 See Report on Sustainable Assessment of Technologies for UNEP-DAP Biomass Waste Conversion Pilot Project in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. 18
6. Recommendations The specific recommendations to improve the Compendium are as follows: • Convert the existing html-based Compendium in the current website into a database type of content management system to enable ease of access and update of information, or better yet, allow posting of additional data by technology suppliers, users and developers using info-share approach; • Conduct a wide-ranging public information and communication campaign to popularize the Compendium, especially in developing countries that would best benefit from its use, and • Include a user-friendly version of SAT in the website so that those who access information on biomass waste conversion technologies will also be able to compare their efficiency and assess their applicability given their local condition and available cellulosic biomass. 19
Page 1 and 2: Con v e r t i n g Wa s t e Agr i c
Page 3 and 4: Converting Waste Agricultural Bioma
Page 5 and 6: setting and identification of stake
Page 7 and 8: ACRONYMS CO2 CV DAP DTIE ESTs E-Was
Page 9 and 10: 2. Rationale One of the critical ac
Page 11 and 12: 3. Scope and Limitations In compili
Page 13 and 14: 4. The Compendium The Project Websi
Page 15 and 16: • Basic technology information 9
Page 17 and 18: Table 1: Cellulosic Waste Biomass C
Page 19: Molding Oil Palm fruit residues Sug
Page 23 and 24: 2-Drum Top Supported Boiler 12 USA,
Page 25 and 26: HYBRID PF 14 USA, Commercial Crop R
Page 27 and 28: operation of each to match the stea
Page 29 and 30: HYBRID RG 15 USA, Commercial Crop R
Page 31 and 32: All above work in concert to reduce
Page 33 and 34: HYBRID UF 16 USA, Commercial Crop R
Page 35 and 36: operation of each to match the stea
Page 37 and 38: TRI 17 USA, Commercial Crop Residue
Page 39 and 40: 2-Drum Bottom Supported Boiler 18 U
Page 41 and 42: power boilers. Examples of Real Lif
Page 43 and 44: A fully automated continuous system
Page 45 and 46: Detailed Process Description A. Met
Page 47 and 48: Examples of Real Life Applications
Page 49 and 50: Detailed Process Description A. Met
Page 53 and 54: 1. The Fibrowatt operation starts o
Page 55 and 56: HYBRID CG 21 USA, Commercial Crop R
Page 57 and 58: utilizing the most reliable system
Page 59 and 60: BTG Flash Pyrolysis Netherlands, Co
Page 61 and 62: Before processing organic materials
Page 63 and 64: a. Reactor : This was a downdraft,
Page 68 and 69: Price of Machine The total investme
Page 70 and 71:
Main Products: The plant provides i
Page 72 and 73:
Disadvantages to Developing Countri
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Detailed Process Description Kakira
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Example of Real Life Applications C
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Aqueous Phase Reforming (APR) 27 US
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Shelled Corn as Fuel 29 USA, Commer
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Amaizablaze/Nesco, Inc. P. O. Box 3
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HS-Tarm 5 Main Street, P.O. Box 285
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Lock Haven, PA 17745 800-582-4317 h
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P.O. Box 2075, Mankato, MN 56002 80
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The result is wood (biomass) can be
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Biomass Heating System 35 UK, Comme
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Supplier R.D. Associates, Ltd. Fuel
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Figure 5: KSM Drop Cell Unit Some o
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There is a tendency for fly ash to
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AgriPower 36 USA, Commercial Crop R
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BioMax 25 37 USA, Commercial Crop R
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102
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Solar-Biomass Hybrid Cabinet Dryer
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Two doors were designed for easy lo
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Asbestos gaskets are used while con
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The ash scraper slides through a cy
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flange attached at its bottom; this
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Other fuels such as saw dust brique
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The completed hybrid solar-biomass
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Greenfire 41 USA, Commercial Crop R
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Mayon Turbo Stove and Lo Trau Stove
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Social Considerations The stove was
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Commercial Gasifier 49 Philippines,
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The Modul-Pak ® boiler is a hybrid
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Suppliers Energy Quest, Inc. 850 So
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as well as the extraction, recovery
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oil production period in the mills.
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weatherproof and sound-attenuating
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Primenergy R-18 Gasifier producing
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Low-cost 500 kW thermal rice hull c
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Kansai Carbonized Rice Husk Gasifie
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Colusa Rice Straw / Hulls Technolog
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The customized harvester collects t
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Rice Husk Gasifier Philippines, Com
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2.5 MW Cogeneration Plant 65 Thaila
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San San Rice Husk Stove Myanmar, Co
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The technology of rice husk gasifie
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of trees can be controlled. This wo
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includes an automatic feeder, which
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Maligaya Rice Hull Stove 74 Philipp
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Parameters for Procurement Specific
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162
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a 100KW capacity Rice-Husk based Ga
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Rice husk briquette fuel 84 Banglad
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aised to US$ 6.84 million from the
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ease of removal of the char, a grat
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The rice husk gas burner for bakery
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Engineering and Environmental Manag
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Depending on the type of fuel it ha
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mode, all of the steam directed to
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pyrolysis) with air or oxygen at te
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R S for in-kind repair of boilers a
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Wood Biomass Electricity Generator
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Advantages to Developing Countries
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Celunol's "wet" biomass conversion
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up to 1.3 million liters of cellulo
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This process is done in shredder ma
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The minimal price established is $C
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196
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Telephone (303) 933-3135 FAX (303)
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Solar-Biomass Hybrid Cabinet Dryer
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The stove uses cylindrical honeycom
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Research Centre for Applied Science
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air. Woody biomass available in ple
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Dry Grind Ethanol 99 USA, Under Con
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Price Ethanol sells as a commodity
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1 Figure 1. Design of the dryer Det
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footings made of brick and mortar.
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placed inside mild steel shell of l
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Biological Hydrogen Production from
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ioprocess for hydrogen production f
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a. Reactor: This was a downdraft, t
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Transpired Collector Solar-Biomass
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Drying chamber The drying chamber c
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Annexure 3 EST for Energy Conversio
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Detailed Process Description Figure
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Forest Products Research and Develo
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Advanced Gasification-Combustion (A
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Wood wool cement board (WWCB) Cemen
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Furnace-Type Lumber Dryer 105 Phili
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(i) Charring Drum. The charring dru
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The mould set is filled with the mi
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Solar Collector The solar collector
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Fluidized Bed Combustor for Steam G
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Small-Scale Biomass Pyrolyzer for F
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chips) aside from palay and allows
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Detailed Process Description There
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The IRRI DR-1 Batch Dryer 117 Phili
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Rice Hull Furnace attached to a blo
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was not continuously discharged fro
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Detailed Process Description Drying
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Rice Hull Ash Cement (RHAC) Hollow
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Annexure 4 EST for Material Convers
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Through a joint venture component m
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Abaca Mechanical Tuxer 129 Philippi
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Economic instruments for overcoming
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Figure 2. Fiber Twisting Machine
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Example of Real Life Applications C
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Main Products: Cellulosic Ethanol O
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converted to a high-carbon char mat
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NovaGreen Biomass Ethanol Separatio
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Advantages to Developing Countries
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Detailed Process Description 133 On
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286
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agricultural waste could theoretica
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downstream value-added products whe
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Bio-Enriched Method (Trichoderma an
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Increases yield. Improves water-hol
Page 298 and 299:
Environmental Considerations 141 Co
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298
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150 150 http://www.kinseiseishi.co.
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152 Type of non-woven materials Che
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Bale as feedstock USA, Commercial C
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Price of Machine : refer to the tab
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2. Cooking the Fiber: A rope is lai
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9. Weaving: Water is sprayed on the
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Decorticating Machine and Motorised
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usually contains two spindles set i
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tradition and, moreover, the range
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318
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Over 3.5 million coconut farmers ar
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The blades also propel coir fibre t
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Economic instruments for overcoming
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first using the drum method or the
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Job Potential: Farmers' cooperative
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Soundproofing and Insulating Materi
Page 334 and 335:
The environmental impact is signifi
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. Suppliers K.E.F.I. - Kenaf Eco Fi
Page 338 and 339:
Detailed Process Descriptions: 1. H
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Examples of Real Life Applications
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In a two-stage setup, the target wi
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companies with expertise in this we
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Mezcal Production from Maguey Phili
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5. Crushing the agave. The roasted
Page 350 and 351:
Method of Propagation Applying fert
Page 352 and 353:
Main Products 198 Abaca fiber comes
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Being a high-priced fabric has prac
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Detailed Process Description 202 Me
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Rice Husk basket Burner India, Comm
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The ash should be white or grey wit
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Paper from Rice Straw Cyprus, Comme
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1. Vatting - Fill your vat halfway
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Ethanol Production by Acid Hydrolys
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improvements would provide cost sav
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Detailed Process Description 7. Ric
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Plywood from Sorghum China, Commerc
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Example of Real Life Applications L
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Figure 1. Schematic of gasifier-pow
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hull is a processing by-product of
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The size of the mill or number of m
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Figure 3. A 12-ft continuous evapor
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The finished syrup is thoroughly st
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Drinking Vinegar from Sweet Sorghum
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only four months. Ethanol, a cheape
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Davis & Standard Twin Screw Extrude
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Environmental and Social Considerat
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Detailed Process Description Figure
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operational analysis be carried out
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Figure 2. Hopper or Feeder The comp
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Broin Fractionation (BFRAC) 218 USA
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Collaboration with other companies
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NET INCOME Before Tax = 237, 600 -
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Cornstalk Flash Volatilization USA,
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Decentralized Wastewater Treatment
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degrades the wastes. The algal pond
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Job Potential: 231 Preparing the so
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Operations and Maintenance Requirem
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Detailed Process Description There
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Biochar 237 USA, Research Crop Resi
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422
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424
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Detailed Process Description: 241 2
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In addition to functioning as a thi
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The underflow from the first stage
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y essentially dry process technique
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industrial uses. It consists of mol
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yeast for high alcohol, and high-te
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About the UNEP Division of Technolo
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Converting Waste Agricultural Biomass into a Resource - UNEP

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