Converting Waste Agricultural Biomass into a Resource - UNEP

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Method of Propagation Applying fertilizer is optional. However, its application will greatly improve the growth of the plant. The 6-9-12 N-P-K fertilizer mixture, about 200 to 300 kilos per hectare per year is recommended. Disadvantages to Developing Countries The continuous growth and development of the Philippine maguey industry is hampered by production and market related problems such as: Inefficient fiber extraction method Old, sparsely planted or abandoned maguey plantations Long gestation period before harvest (four years from planting) Low returns from production Example of Real Life Applications Level of Use: Commercial Location: Rosario, Cervantes, Ilocos Sur Supplier Jean F. Paet - President Cervantes Ilocos Sur Women Development Center Inc. Maker of Maguey Slippers, Bags, Hats & Novelties Rosario, Cervantes, Ilocos Sur Mobile: 0918-5250900 Sources: 1. http://www.mixph.com/2008/03/maguey-production-and-its-uses.html 348
Mobile Abaca/Piña Decorticating Machine 197 Philippines, Commercial Crop Residue Process Equipment Main Products Abaca, Pineapple Abaca and Piña Leaves Decortication Mobile Abaca/Piña Decorticating Machine From Abaca- Fiber craft, cordage, textile and fabrics, pulp, and specialty papers like currency notes, cigarette paper, meat and sausage casings, teabags, stencil paper, high-tech capacitor paper, etc. From pineapple- liniuan (fine fiber) from the bastos (coarse fiber). Liniuan is the material used in weaving the elegant piña cloth. Technical Description of Technology It has two decorticating chambers to effect the complete decortication of the whole length of the material. The other components are two sets of conveyors made of flat rubber belts; roller presser to grip and convey the materials effectively while being decorticated; and a prime mover - a 35hp diesel engine. Conveyor belts are also laid out to effectively transfer the materials from the first to the second conveyor. The structure was also redesigned for rigidity and ease of fabrication and assembly. The mobile decorticating machine consists of the following main parts: - Paddle Wheel Assembly - Chassis and Frames - Wheel and Axle Assembly - Generator - Drag Yoke This safe, sturdy, cheap and easy to maintain model of decorticating machine uses standard parts to assure clients of stable supply of each component. The machine is fabricated using varied metalworking processes such as metal casting, milling and tapping, turning and welding Detailed Process Description Customarily, extraction of abaca fibers is done by hand, however, with the safe and sturdy engine-driven decorticating machine, processors can extract pulp or raw fibers by crushing and scraping processes, from either abaca or piña leaves, mechanically. The extracted fibers are main source of raw materials for bags, slippers and decorative items used by the handicraft and fiber industries. 197 http://www.mirdc.dost.gov.ph/BicolTechFair.htm 349
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Con v e r t i n g Wa s t e Agr i c
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Converting Waste Agricultural Bioma
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setting and identification of stake
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ACRONYMS CO2 CV DAP DTIE ESTs E-Was
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2. Rationale One of the critical ac
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3. Scope and Limitations In compili
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4. The Compendium The Project Websi
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• Basic technology information 9
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Table 1: Cellulosic Waste Biomass C
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Molding Oil Palm fruit residues Sug
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6. Recommendations The specific rec
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2-Drum Top Supported Boiler 12 USA,
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HYBRID PF 14 USA, Commercial Crop R
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operation of each to match the stea
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HYBRID RG 15 USA, Commercial Crop R
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All above work in concert to reduce
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HYBRID UF 16 USA, Commercial Crop R
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operation of each to match the stea
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TRI 17 USA, Commercial Crop Residue
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2-Drum Bottom Supported Boiler 18 U
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power boilers. Examples of Real Lif
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A fully automated continuous system
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Detailed Process Description A. Met
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Examples of Real Life Applications
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Detailed Process Description A. Met
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1. The Fibrowatt operation starts o
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HYBRID CG 21 USA, Commercial Crop R
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utilizing the most reliable system
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BTG Flash Pyrolysis Netherlands, Co
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Before processing organic materials
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a. Reactor : This was a downdraft,
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Price of Machine The total investme
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Main Products: The plant provides i
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Disadvantages to Developing Countri
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Detailed Process Description Kakira
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Example of Real Life Applications C
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Aqueous Phase Reforming (APR) 27 US
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Shelled Corn as Fuel 29 USA, Commer
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Amaizablaze/Nesco, Inc. P. O. Box 3
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HS-Tarm 5 Main Street, P.O. Box 285
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Lock Haven, PA 17745 800-582-4317 h
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P.O. Box 2075, Mankato, MN 56002 80
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The result is wood (biomass) can be
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Biomass Heating System 35 UK, Comme
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Supplier R.D. Associates, Ltd. Fuel
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Figure 5: KSM Drop Cell Unit Some o
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There is a tendency for fly ash to
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AgriPower 36 USA, Commercial Crop R
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BioMax 25 37 USA, Commercial Crop R
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102
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Solar-Biomass Hybrid Cabinet Dryer
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Two doors were designed for easy lo
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Asbestos gaskets are used while con
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The ash scraper slides through a cy
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flange attached at its bottom; this
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Other fuels such as saw dust brique
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The completed hybrid solar-biomass
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Greenfire 41 USA, Commercial Crop R
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Mayon Turbo Stove and Lo Trau Stove
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Social Considerations The stove was
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Commercial Gasifier 49 Philippines,
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The Modul-Pak ® boiler is a hybrid
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Suppliers Energy Quest, Inc. 850 So
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as well as the extraction, recovery
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oil production period in the mills.
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weatherproof and sound-attenuating
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Primenergy R-18 Gasifier producing
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Low-cost 500 kW thermal rice hull c
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Kansai Carbonized Rice Husk Gasifie
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Colusa Rice Straw / Hulls Technolog
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The customized harvester collects t
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Rice Husk Gasifier Philippines, Com
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2.5 MW Cogeneration Plant 65 Thaila
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San San Rice Husk Stove Myanmar, Co
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The technology of rice husk gasifie
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of trees can be controlled. This wo
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includes an automatic feeder, which
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Maligaya Rice Hull Stove 74 Philipp
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Parameters for Procurement Specific
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162
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a 100KW capacity Rice-Husk based Ga
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Rice husk briquette fuel 84 Banglad
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aised to US$ 6.84 million from the
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ease of removal of the char, a grat
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The rice husk gas burner for bakery
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Engineering and Environmental Manag
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Depending on the type of fuel it ha
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mode, all of the steam directed to
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pyrolysis) with air or oxygen at te
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R S for in-kind repair of boilers a
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Wood Biomass Electricity Generator
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Advantages to Developing Countries
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Celunol's "wet" biomass conversion
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up to 1.3 million liters of cellulo
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This process is done in shredder ma
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The minimal price established is $C
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196
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Telephone (303) 933-3135 FAX (303)
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Solar-Biomass Hybrid Cabinet Dryer
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The stove uses cylindrical honeycom
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Research Centre for Applied Science
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air. Woody biomass available in ple
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Dry Grind Ethanol 99 USA, Under Con
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Price Ethanol sells as a commodity
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1 Figure 1. Design of the dryer Det
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footings made of brick and mortar.
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placed inside mild steel shell of l
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Biological Hydrogen Production from
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ioprocess for hydrogen production f
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a. Reactor: This was a downdraft, t
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Transpired Collector Solar-Biomass
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Drying chamber The drying chamber c
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Annexure 3 EST for Energy Conversio
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Detailed Process Description Figure
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Forest Products Research and Develo
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Advanced Gasification-Combustion (A
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Wood wool cement board (WWCB) Cemen
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Furnace-Type Lumber Dryer 105 Phili
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(i) Charring Drum. The charring dru
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The mould set is filled with the mi
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Solar Collector The solar collector
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Fluidized Bed Combustor for Steam G
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Small-Scale Biomass Pyrolyzer for F
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chips) aside from palay and allows
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Detailed Process Description There
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The IRRI DR-1 Batch Dryer 117 Phili
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Rice Hull Furnace attached to a blo
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was not continuously discharged fro
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Detailed Process Description Drying
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Rice Hull Ash Cement (RHAC) Hollow
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Annexure 4 EST for Material Convers
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Through a joint venture component m
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Abaca Mechanical Tuxer 129 Philippi
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Economic instruments for overcoming
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Figure 2. Fiber Twisting Machine
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Example of Real Life Applications C
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Main Products: Cellulosic Ethanol O
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converted to a high-carbon char mat
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NovaGreen Biomass Ethanol Separatio
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Advantages to Developing Countries
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Detailed Process Description 133 On
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286
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agricultural waste could theoretica
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downstream value-added products whe
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Bio-Enriched Method (Trichoderma an
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Increases yield. Improves water-hol
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Environmental Considerations 141 Co
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Page 302 and 303: 150 150 http://www.kinseiseishi.co.
Page 304 and 305: 152 Type of non-woven materials Che
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Page 308 and 309: Price of Machine : refer to the tab
Page 310 and 311: 2. Cooking the Fiber: A rope is lai
Page 312 and 313: 9. Weaving: Water is sprayed on the
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Page 316 and 317: usually contains two spindles set i
Page 318 and 319: tradition and, moreover, the range
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Page 322 and 323: Over 3.5 million coconut farmers ar
Page 324 and 325: The blades also propel coir fibre t
Page 326 and 327: Economic instruments for overcoming
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Page 330 and 331: Job Potential: Farmers' cooperative
Page 332 and 333: Soundproofing and Insulating Materi
Page 334 and 335: The environmental impact is signifi
Page 336 and 337: . Suppliers K.E.F.I. - Kenaf Eco Fi
Page 338 and 339: Detailed Process Descriptions: 1. H
Page 340 and 341: Examples of Real Life Applications
Page 342 and 343: In a two-stage setup, the target wi
Page 344 and 345: companies with expertise in this we
Page 346 and 347: Mezcal Production from Maguey Phili
Page 348 and 349: 5. Crushing the agave. The roasted
Page 352 and 353: Main Products 198 Abaca fiber comes
Page 354 and 355: Being a high-priced fabric has prac
Page 356 and 357: Detailed Process Description 202 Me
Page 358 and 359: Rice Husk basket Burner India, Comm
Page 360 and 361: The ash should be white or grey wit
Page 362 and 363: Paper from Rice Straw Cyprus, Comme
Page 364 and 365: 1. Vatting - Fill your vat halfway
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Page 370 and 371: Detailed Process Description 7. Ric
Page 372 and 373: Plywood from Sorghum China, Commerc
Page 374 and 375: Example of Real Life Applications L
Page 376 and 377: Figure 1. Schematic of gasifier-pow
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Page 382 and 383: Figure 3. A 12-ft continuous evapor
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Page 390 and 391: Davis & Standard Twin Screw Extrude
Page 392 and 393: Environmental and Social Considerat
Page 394 and 395: Annexure 5 EST for Material Convers
Page 396 and 397: Detailed Process Description Figure
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Figure 2. Hopper or Feeder The comp
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Broin Fractionation (BFRAC) 218 USA
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Collaboration with other companies
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NET INCOME Before Tax = 237, 600 -
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Cornstalk Flash Volatilization USA,
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Decentralized Wastewater Treatment
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degrades the wastes. The algal pond
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Job Potential: 231 Preparing the so
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Annexure 6 EST for Material Convers
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Operations and Maintenance Requirem
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Detailed Process Description There
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Biochar 237 USA, Research Crop Resi
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422
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424
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Detailed Process Description: 241 2
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In addition to functioning as a thi
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The underflow from the first stage
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y essentially dry process technique
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industrial uses. It consists of mol
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yeast for high alcohol, and high-te
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About the UNEP Division of Technolo
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Converting Waste Agricultural Biomass into a Resource - UNEP

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