Converting Waste Agricultural Biomass into a Resource - UNEP

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Example of Real Life Applications Country: Philippines Level of Use: Commercial Supplier: Parasan Rope Makers Association Barangay Parasan, Molave, Zamboanga Del Sur Department of Science and Technology Regional Office No. I DMMMSU Mid La Union Campus City of San Fernando 2500 PHILIPPINES Telefax # (+6372) 242-4878 Email Address: dostro1@dost.gov.ph Website: http://region1.dost.gov.ph Sources: 1. http://region1.dost.gov.ph/mature%20tech/htm%20files/abacaspindle.ht m 2. http://region1.dost.gov.ph/mature%20tech/htm%20files/fibertwisting.ht m 3. http://setup.dost.gov.ph/commerce.php?view=182 4. http://www.mixph.com/2008/02/production-guide-on-abaca.html 274
AgriRange Fuel Thermal Chemical USA, Commercial Crop Residue Process Agricultural products Agricultural waste Thermo Chemical Process Equipment Main Products Cellulosic Ethanol Technical Description of Technology: Thermo-chemical processes use various combinations of temperature, pressure, residence time, water, oxygen or air, and catalysts to convert biomass to cellulosic ethanol. These processes transform all of the nonmineral constituents of the biomass into a common form – synthesis gas or syngas. The syngas is passed over a catalyst, which acts much like the catalytic converters used in automobiles, and converts it into ethanol and other alcohols. As with the sugar-platform process, the final step includes separation and concentration. Besides producing ethanol and other alcohols, the syngas can be used to produce synthetic petroleum products, fertilizer, plastics, and many other products. It can also be used as a fuel to generate electricity. Detailed Process Descriptions: Step 1: Solids to Gas Biomass (all plant and plant-derived material) that cannot be used for food, such as agricultural waste, is fed into a converter. Using heat, pressure, and steam the feedstock is converted into synthesis gas (syngas), which is cleaned before entering the second step. Step 2: Gas to Liquids The cleaned syngas is passed over our proprietary catalyst and transformed into mixed alcohols. These alcohols are then separated and processed to maximize the yield of ethanol of a quality suitable for use in fueling vehicles. A Simple Process Because Range Fuels’ process utilizes a thermo-chemical process, it relies on the chemical reactions and conversions between forms that naturally occur when certain materials are mixed under specific combinations of temperature and pressure. Other conversion processes use enzymes, yeasts, and other biological means to convert between forms. 275
Page 1 and 2:
Con v e r t i n g Wa s t e Agr i c
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Converting Waste Agricultural Bioma
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setting and identification of stake
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ACRONYMS CO2 CV DAP DTIE ESTs E-Was
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2. Rationale One of the critical ac
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3. Scope and Limitations In compili
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4. The Compendium The Project Websi
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• Basic technology information 9
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Table 1: Cellulosic Waste Biomass C
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Molding Oil Palm fruit residues Sug
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6. Recommendations The specific rec
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2-Drum Top Supported Boiler 12 USA,
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HYBRID PF 14 USA, Commercial Crop R
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operation of each to match the stea
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HYBRID RG 15 USA, Commercial Crop R
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All above work in concert to reduce
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HYBRID UF 16 USA, Commercial Crop R
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operation of each to match the stea
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TRI 17 USA, Commercial Crop Residue
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2-Drum Bottom Supported Boiler 18 U
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power boilers. Examples of Real Lif
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A fully automated continuous system
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Detailed Process Description A. Met
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Examples of Real Life Applications
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Detailed Process Description A. Met
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1. The Fibrowatt operation starts o
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HYBRID CG 21 USA, Commercial Crop R
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utilizing the most reliable system
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BTG Flash Pyrolysis Netherlands, Co
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Before processing organic materials
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a. Reactor : This was a downdraft,
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Price of Machine The total investme
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Main Products: The plant provides i
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Disadvantages to Developing Countri
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Detailed Process Description Kakira
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Example of Real Life Applications C
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Aqueous Phase Reforming (APR) 27 US
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Shelled Corn as Fuel 29 USA, Commer
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Amaizablaze/Nesco, Inc. P. O. Box 3
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HS-Tarm 5 Main Street, P.O. Box 285
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Lock Haven, PA 17745 800-582-4317 h
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P.O. Box 2075, Mankato, MN 56002 80
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The result is wood (biomass) can be
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Biomass Heating System 35 UK, Comme
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Supplier R.D. Associates, Ltd. Fuel
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Figure 5: KSM Drop Cell Unit Some o
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There is a tendency for fly ash to
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AgriPower 36 USA, Commercial Crop R
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BioMax 25 37 USA, Commercial Crop R
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102
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Solar-Biomass Hybrid Cabinet Dryer
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Two doors were designed for easy lo
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Asbestos gaskets are used while con
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The ash scraper slides through a cy
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flange attached at its bottom; this
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Other fuels such as saw dust brique
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The completed hybrid solar-biomass
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Greenfire 41 USA, Commercial Crop R
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Mayon Turbo Stove and Lo Trau Stove
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Social Considerations The stove was
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Commercial Gasifier 49 Philippines,
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The Modul-Pak ® boiler is a hybrid
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Suppliers Energy Quest, Inc. 850 So
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as well as the extraction, recovery
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oil production period in the mills.
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weatherproof and sound-attenuating
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Primenergy R-18 Gasifier producing
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Low-cost 500 kW thermal rice hull c
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Kansai Carbonized Rice Husk Gasifie
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Colusa Rice Straw / Hulls Technolog
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The customized harvester collects t
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Rice Husk Gasifier Philippines, Com
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2.5 MW Cogeneration Plant 65 Thaila
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San San Rice Husk Stove Myanmar, Co
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The technology of rice husk gasifie
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of trees can be controlled. This wo
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includes an automatic feeder, which
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Maligaya Rice Hull Stove 74 Philipp
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Parameters for Procurement Specific
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162
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a 100KW capacity Rice-Husk based Ga
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Rice husk briquette fuel 84 Banglad
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aised to US$ 6.84 million from the
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ease of removal of the char, a grat
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The rice husk gas burner for bakery
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Engineering and Environmental Manag
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Depending on the type of fuel it ha
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mode, all of the steam directed to
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pyrolysis) with air or oxygen at te
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R S for in-kind repair of boilers a
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Wood Biomass Electricity Generator
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Advantages to Developing Countries
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Celunol's "wet" biomass conversion
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up to 1.3 million liters of cellulo
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This process is done in shredder ma
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The minimal price established is $C
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196
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Telephone (303) 933-3135 FAX (303)
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Solar-Biomass Hybrid Cabinet Dryer
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The stove uses cylindrical honeycom
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Research Centre for Applied Science
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air. Woody biomass available in ple
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Dry Grind Ethanol 99 USA, Under Con
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Price Ethanol sells as a commodity
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1 Figure 1. Design of the dryer Det
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footings made of brick and mortar.
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placed inside mild steel shell of l
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Biological Hydrogen Production from
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ioprocess for hydrogen production f
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a. Reactor: This was a downdraft, t
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Page 228 and 229: Drying chamber The drying chamber c
Page 230 and 231: Annexure 3 EST for Energy Conversio
Page 232 and 233: Detailed Process Description Figure
Page 234 and 235: Forest Products Research and Develo
Page 236 and 237: Advanced Gasification-Combustion (A
Page 238 and 239: Wood wool cement board (WWCB) Cemen
Page 240 and 241: Furnace-Type Lumber Dryer 105 Phili
Page 242 and 243: (i) Charring Drum. The charring dru
Page 244 and 245: The mould set is filled with the mi
Page 246 and 247: Solar Collector The solar collector
Page 248 and 249: Fluidized Bed Combustor for Steam G
Page 250 and 251: Small-Scale Biomass Pyrolyzer for F
Page 252 and 253: chips) aside from palay and allows
Page 254 and 255: Detailed Process Description There
Page 256 and 257: The IRRI DR-1 Batch Dryer 117 Phili
Page 258 and 259: Rice Hull Furnace attached to a blo
Page 260 and 261: was not continuously discharged fro
Page 262 and 263: Detailed Process Description Drying
Page 264 and 265: Rice Hull Ash Cement (RHAC) Hollow
Page 266 and 267: Annexure 4 EST for Material Convers
Page 268 and 269: Through a joint venture component m
Page 270 and 271: Abaca Mechanical Tuxer 129 Philippi
Page 272 and 273: Economic instruments for overcoming
Page 274 and 275: Figure 2. Fiber Twisting Machine
Page 278 and 279: Main Products: Cellulosic Ethanol O
Page 280 and 281: converted to a high-carbon char mat
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Page 284 and 285: Advantages to Developing Countries
Page 286 and 287: Detailed Process Description 133 On
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Page 290 and 291: agricultural waste could theoretica
Page 292 and 293: downstream value-added products whe
Page 294 and 295: Bio-Enriched Method (Trichoderma an
Page 296 and 297: Increases yield. Improves water-hol
Page 298 and 299: Environmental Considerations 141 Co
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Page 302 and 303: 150 150 http://www.kinseiseishi.co.
Page 304 and 305: 152 Type of non-woven materials Che
Page 306 and 307: Bale as feedstock USA, Commercial C
Page 308 and 309: Price of Machine : refer to the tab
Page 310 and 311: 2. Cooking the Fiber: A rope is lai
Page 312 and 313: 9. Weaving: Water is sprayed on the
Page 314 and 315: Decorticating Machine and Motorised
Page 316 and 317: usually contains two spindles set i
Page 318 and 319: tradition and, moreover, the range
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Page 322 and 323: Over 3.5 million coconut farmers ar
Page 324 and 325: The blades also propel coir fibre t
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Economic instruments for overcoming
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first using the drum method or the
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Job Potential: Farmers' cooperative
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Soundproofing and Insulating Materi
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The environmental impact is signifi
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. Suppliers K.E.F.I. - Kenaf Eco Fi
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Detailed Process Descriptions: 1. H
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In a two-stage setup, the target wi
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companies with expertise in this we
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Mezcal Production from Maguey Phili
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5. Crushing the agave. The roasted
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Method of Propagation Applying fert
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Main Products 198 Abaca fiber comes
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Being a high-priced fabric has prac
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Detailed Process Description 202 Me
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Rice Husk basket Burner India, Comm
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The ash should be white or grey wit
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Paper from Rice Straw Cyprus, Comme
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1. Vatting - Fill your vat halfway
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Ethanol Production by Acid Hydrolys
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improvements would provide cost sav
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Detailed Process Description 7. Ric
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Plywood from Sorghum China, Commerc
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Example of Real Life Applications L
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Figure 1. Schematic of gasifier-pow
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hull is a processing by-product of
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The size of the mill or number of m
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Figure 3. A 12-ft continuous evapor
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The finished syrup is thoroughly st
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Drinking Vinegar from Sweet Sorghum
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only four months. Ethanol, a cheape
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Davis & Standard Twin Screw Extrude
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Environmental and Social Considerat
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Annexure 5 EST for Material Convers
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Detailed Process Description Figure
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operational analysis be carried out
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Figure 2. Hopper or Feeder The comp
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Broin Fractionation (BFRAC) 218 USA
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Collaboration with other companies
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NET INCOME Before Tax = 237, 600 -
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Cornstalk Flash Volatilization USA,
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Decentralized Wastewater Treatment
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degrades the wastes. The algal pond
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Job Potential: 231 Preparing the so
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Annexure 6 EST for Material Convers
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Operations and Maintenance Requirem
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Detailed Process Description There
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Biochar 237 USA, Research Crop Resi
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422
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424
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Detailed Process Description: 241 2
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In addition to functioning as a thi
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The underflow from the first stage
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y essentially dry process technique
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industrial uses. It consists of mol
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yeast for high alcohol, and high-te
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About the UNEP Division of Technolo
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Converting Waste Agricultural Biomass into a Resource - UNEP

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